Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (대한환경공학회지)

Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (대한환경공학회)
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Effect of Influent C/N Ratio and DO on Denitrification of Nitrate Polluted Groundwater in a Biofilter Process

Biofilter 공정에서 유입 C/N비와 DO가 지하수의 질산성 질소제거에 미치는 영향

  • Lee, Moo-Jae (Department of Industrial Chemistry Engineering, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Park, Sang-Min (Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Park, Noh-Back (Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Jun, Hang-Bae (Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Kong-Soo (Department of Industrial Chemistry Engineering, Chungbuk National University)
  • Published : 2006.04.30
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Abstract

In this study, effects of influent C/N(COD/Nitrate) ratio and dissolved oxygen(DO) concentration on biological nitrate removal from groundwater were investigated in the fixed-type biofilter. Influent nitrate of 30 mg/L was removed completely by biological denitrification at the C/N ratio of 10 and 4.0, while residual nitrate of 5 mg/L occurred at the C/N ratio of 2.0, which resulted from deficiency of organic electron donor. Furthermore, nitrite was accumulated up to about 5 mg/L as the C/N ratio decreased to 2.0. Increase in DO concentration also inhibited denitrification activity at the relatively high C/N ratio of 5.0, which decreased the nitrate removal efficiency. Although the influent DO concentration was reduced as low as 0.3 mg/L using sodium sulfite($Na_2SO_3$), effluent nitrite was up to 3.6 mg/L. On the other hand, nitrate was completely removed without detection of nitrite at the DO concentration of 0.3 mg/L using nitrogen gas($N_2$) sparging. The organic matter for denitrification in biofilter were in the range from 3.0 to $3.5gSCOD/g{NO_3}^--N$, while utilized these values increased at the high DO concentration of 5.5 mg/L. In addition to the high DO concentration and the low influent C/N ratio, DO control by chemical such as sodium sulfite affected on biological denitrification, which resulted in the reduction of nitrate removal efficiency and nitrite build-up in a biofilter.

고정상 생물여과지(biofiiter)에서 유입 C/N(COD/Nitrate)비와 용존산소(DO) 농도가 지하수로부터 질산성 질소를 제거하는데 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 유입 C/N비 10과 4.0에서 30 mg/L로 유입된 질산성 질소는 생물학적 탈질반응에 의해 완전히 제거되었다. 반면, 유입 C/N비 2.0에서는 전자공여체가 부족하였기 때문에 5.0 mg/L의 질산성 질소가 유출되었다. 게다가, 유입 C/N비가 2로 감소함에 따라 5.0 mg/L에 달하는 아질산성 질소가 발생하였다. 유입 C/N비 5에서 DO 농도의 증가는 탈질반응을 저해하였으며, 질산성 질소제거효율을 감소시켰다. 아황산나트륨($Na_2SO_3$)을 이용하여 유입 DO농도를 조절할 경우, 0.3 mg/L의 낮은 DO에도 불구하고 유출수 중 3.6 mg/L의 아질산성 질소가 잔류하였다. 반면, 질소가스를 이용하여 DO농도를 0.3 mg/L로 조절한 경우, 유입된 질산성 질소는 완전히 제거되었으며, 아질산성 질소는 검출되지 않았다. 생물여과지에서 유입된 질산성 질소를 제거하는데 소비된 유기물은 $3.0{\sim}3.5gSCOD/g{NO_3}^--N$의 범위이었으나, DO 농도가 5.5 mg/L로 증가함에 따라 소비된 그 양은 증가하였다. 높은 DO 농도 및 낮은 유입 C/N비와 함께 아황산나트륨을 이용한 DO 농도 조절은 생물학적 탈질반응에 영향을 주었으며, 질산성 질소제거효율을 감소시키고 아질산성 질소가 축적되었다.

Keywords

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