Characteristics of Flower Bud Differentiation in Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Cultivars

하이부시 블루베리의 품종별 화아분화 특성

Bae, Kang-Sun;Kim, Tae-Chun;Lee, Hee-Jae;Lee, Byeong-Il;Kim, Ho-Chul
배강순;김태춘;이희재;이병일;김호철

  • Published : 20060000

Abstract

Characteristics of flower bud differentiation in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivars were investigated. The blueberry buds were burst from late March to mid April in Iksan area. The buds of ‘Sharpblue’, blueberry in Southern type, swelled on March 23, while those of ‘Jersey’ and ‘Sunrise’ did on April 13. Their blooming in Iksan area started from mid April to late May. ‘Sharpblue’ and ‘Jersey’ were the earliest (April 16) and the latest (April 25) blooming cultivars, respectively. Shoot resting dates of the cultivars, as estimated by the apical bud wilting and tip blackening, ranged from early May to mid July. Since the axillary buds enlarged and took the form of terminal buds, they were regarded as pseudoterminal buds. The flower buds were not changed morphologically until late August, but subsequently became larger and developed numerous florets. Thus, the flower bud differentiation was thought to occur late August. Flower buds were formed at the second or third node from the apical bud. Number of flower buds on short length shoot and shoot of 10~30 cm length was from 1 to 2 and from 2 to 3, respectively. Number of florets per flower bud was difference as that was from 6.8 to 11.0 and ‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Dixi’ were very large in coefficients of variation.

우리나라에서 재배하기에 적합한 하이부시 블루베리 품종을 선발하기 위하여 신초 생장 및 화아분화 특성에 관하여 연구하였다. 익산 지역에서 블루베리의 발아기는 3월 하순에서 4월 상중순이었으며, 난지형인 ‘Sharpblue’가 3월 23일로 가장 빨랐고, ‘Jersey’와 ‘Sunrise’가 4월 13일로 가장 늦었다. 개화기는 4월 중순부터 5월 중하순까지였으며, 난지형인 ‘Sharpblue’가 4월 16일로 가장 빨랐고, ‘Jersey’가 4월 25일로 가장 늦었다. 1차 신초 신장 정지기는 5월 상순부터 7월 중순까지로 품종 간 차이가 컸으며, 신초 끝이 고사하고 그 아래 액아가 정아로 되는 위정아의 특성을 보였다. 신초 신장이 정지된 위정아는 8월 하순까지는 형태적 변화가 크지 않았으며, 8월 하순부터 위정아가 급격히 커졌고, 다수의 소화도 발달되기 시작하여 화아분화기가 8월 하순인 것으로 생각되었다. 화아는 정액생으로 정단을 포함하여 그 아래 2~3번째 마디에 착생하며, 10cm 이하의 가지에는 1~2개, 10~30cm 크기의 가지에는 2~3개 착생하였다. 꽃눈 당 꽃수는 6.8~11.0개로 품종에 따라 차이가 컸으며, 변이계수는 ‘Bluecrop’와 ‘Dixi’를 제외하고 대부분 중 정도였다.

Keywords

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