Korean Journal of Weed Science (한국잡초학회지)

The Korean Society of Weed Science & The Turfgrass Society of Korea Archive (한국잡초학회 & 한국잔디학회)
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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Autotoxicity-Replant Problems

알팔파의 자감작용 - 재파종 문제

Cheon, Sang-Uk
천상욱

  • Published : 20060000
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Abstract

Alternatives to synthetic chemical herbicides need to be developed, especially for eco- friendly weed management where public policies mandate reduced herbicide use. Autotoxicity, as in alfalfa (Medicago sativa), is a specialized form of allelopathy, in which involves one or more chemical compounds affect their own seedlings, especially when grown in succession. Autotoxic chemical (s) are moved from the plant, mainly the leaves, to the soil by transfer mechanisms, and their subsequent dissipation occurs in the soil. There are two major practical considerations regarding alfalfa autotoxicity：the needed delay of up to 2 years for replanting alfalfa after destroying an old alfalfa stand; and inability to overseed directly to thicken established alfalfa stands. Autotoxic chemicals are extractable from fresh alfalfa herbage, water-soluble, and more concentrated in alfalfa herbage than roots. The chemicals delay germination and reduce alfalfa root growth more than it reduces hypocotyl growth or seed germination. The autotoxic zone of influence appears to prevent the thickening of old stands. Further works for developing new alfalfa varieties resistant to autotoxicity may allow alfalfa to be interseeded.

종 내에서 일어나는 타감작용의 한 특이적인 형태인 자감작용은 알팔파에서는 특히 연작을 할 경우 한 종류 또는 그 이상의 화합물이 분비되어 후발하는 알팔파의 유묘생장에 직접적인 영향을 미치고 있다. 자감작용을 하는 화학물질은 식물, 특히 잎에서 토양으로 이동되는 메커니즘에 의해 긍극적으로 토양 내에 도달하여 소실하게 된다. 따라서 알팔파의 자감작용에 있어서 주요한 고려해야 할 사항은 기존 알팔파를 없앤 후 알팔파 종자를 재파종을 하는데 2년까지 지연이 요구된다는 것이다. 자감작용 물질은 신선한 알팔파 경엽에서 추출이 가능하고, 수용성이며, 알팔파 뿌리보다는 경엽에서 더 많은 양이 함유되어 있는 특징을 갖고 있다. 그 화학물질들은 발아를 지연시키거나 억제하며 유묘에 있어서 지상부보다 뿌리생장을 더 억제시킨다. 알팔파 뿌리 시스템 특히, 근단은 그 수용성 추출물에 의해 종적으로 왜소화되거나 횡적으로 비대해지는데 이는 수용성 추출물이 감수성 식물뿌리의 생장과 형태적인 분화에 유의적인 영향을 끼쳐 결국 자감 또는 타감물질의 존재함으로 생물량 감소를 초래하기 때문인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 건조된 알팔파 잎 잔류물을 이용한 토양혼화처리는 작물 및 잡초 종의 초장을 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 자감작용에 영향권에 있는 토양 구역은 기존 입모 밀도의 과밀화를 막았으나 다양한 개발과 더 많은 연구를 통해 자감작용에 대해 저항성을 보이는 품종을 개발하고 간작과 같은 작부체계에의 응용도 가능할 할 것이며 유전적인 해결책으로서 식물체 내에서 자감작용 화학물질의 생산을 조절 또는 변형시키거나 또는 화학물질에 대해 알팔파 유묘의 내성을 증가시킴으로써 문제해결이 가능할 것으로 본다.

Keywords

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