Horticultural Science & Technology (원예과학기술지)

Korean Society of Horticultural Science (한국원예학회)
권호 표지

Fruit Quality, Yield, and Profitability of 'Hongro' Apple as Affected by Crop Load

사과 '홍로'의 착과 수준별 과실품질, 수량 및 경제성

Jo, Kwang-Hyun;Yun, Tae-Myeong
조광현;윤태명

  • Published : 20060000
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Abstract

Fruit load on 5-year-old ‘Hongro’/M.9 (3.5×1.0 m in planting distance) apple was adjusted to 3, 4, 5, or 6 fruits per trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) cm2 in 2003, and to 4, 5, or 6 fruits in 2004, in oder to find the optimum fruit load level from the viewpoint of profitability in case of farmer-to-consumer direct sale. Vegetative growth such as TCA increment and shoot length per fruit weight was reduced, but yield per tree significantly increased by increasing crop load level. Average fruit weight decreased from 309 g in 3 fruit load to 241 g in 6 fruit load in 2003 and from 270 g in 4 fruit load to 241 g in 6 fruit load in 2004, while yield per tree increased from 18.7 to 27.8 kg in 2003 and from 25.5 to 32.6 kg in 2004. Large fruit ratio increased significantly, and soluble solid contents and color development of fruits were more or less improved by lowing the crop load. Return bloom was enough for ordinary fruit set even in the highest crop load in the previous year. Crop load of 5 fruits per TCA cm2 generated the highest income in case of farmer-to-consumer direct sale, 18,471 thousand won per 10a in 2003 and 21,116 thousand won in 2004. In conclusion, because apple consumer prefers taste, color, safety, and confidence to fruit grower to fruit size in case of direct sale to consumer, about 100 fruits per tree in full productive age, or 5 fruits per TCA cm2 in 5 to 6 years old tree, in high density ‘Hongro’ growing was optimal crop load for high income which could bring higher yield with more or less smaller fruits, compared to lower fruit load.

3.5×1.0m로 재식된 5년생 ‘홍로’/M.9 품종을 공시하여 주간단면적(TCA : trunk cross-sectional area) cm2당 착과수를 2003년은 약 3, 4, 5, 6개, 2004년 약 4, 5, 6개로 조절하여 수체생장과 과실품질을 조사하고 경제성을 분석하였다. 착과 수준이 높을수록 영양생장이 억제되어 TCA 비대와 과실 무게당 신초생장량이 떨어지는 경향을 보였으나 평균 신초장에서는 차이가 뚜렷하지 않았다. 착과 수준이 높을수록 평균과중은 작아지나 주당 수확량은 현저하게 증가하여 2003년의 경우 TCA cm2당 3과 착과 시 각각 309g과 18.7kg, 6과 착과 시 241g과 27.8kg이었고, 2004년의 경우 TCA cm2당 4과 착과 시 270g과 25.5kg, 6과 착과 시 241g과 32.6kg이었다. 과실품질에 있어서는 착과 수준이 낮을수록 280g 이상 과실의 비율이 현저히 높아지고 당도와 착색에서도 다소 유리한 것으로 나타났다. 익년 개화율은 착과수준이 높을수록 낮았으나 결실량 확보에는 문제가 되지 않는 수준이었다. 인터넷을 통한 직거래 판매에서 경제성 분석을 한 결과 TCA cm2당 5과로 주당 약 100여개를 착과시킨 경우가 2003년 10a당 20,725천원과 2004년 23,691천원으로 타 착과수준에 비해 소득이 높았다. 결론적으로 소비자와 직거래를 하는 경우 과실크기보다는 당도와 착색, 안전성 및 신뢰가 가격결정 요인으로 작용하기 때문에 착과 수준을 다소 높여 대과 비율은 낮더라도 수확량을 증대시키는 것이 경영면에서 유리하기 때문에 성목기의 적정 착과수준은 주당 100개 내외, 즉 재식 5~6년차의 경우 TCA cm2당 5과 착과가 적당하다고 판단되었다.

Keywords

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