Effect of Sanitizers on Microbial Growth and Quality of Fresh-Cut Carrot Shreds

Kim, Ji Gang;Yaptenco, Kevin F.;Lim, Chai Il

  • Published : 20060000

Abstract

Chlorine is widely used as a sanitizer to maintain microbial quality and safety of fresh-cut products; the fresh-cut industry needs more effective sanitizers that can reduce microbial contamination and improve storage quality. The effect of sanitizers on storage quality and microbial growth of fresh-cut carrot shreds was studied. Shredded carrot samples were washed in tap water, 100 μLㆍL⁻¹ chlorinated water, 30 μLㆍL⁻¹ acidified sodium chlorite (ASC), or 30 μLㆍL⁻¹ peroxyacetic acid-based sanitizer (PA). The samples were then packaged in polyethylene film (O₂ transmission rate of 29.2 p㏖ㆍs⁻¹ㆍm⁻²ㆍPa⁻¹) and stored for 14 days at 5℃. Results indicated that sanitizers affected off-odor, skin whitening, and microbial population of carrot shreds. PA was effective in inhibiting total aerobic bacterial population and coliform count on samples. PA also maintained initial color values, inhibited off-odor development and skin whitening of samples, and achieved the highest overall quality score among sanitizer treatments. The results showed that PA could be an effective alternative to chlorine for washing fresh-cut carrots.

Keywords

References

  1. Babic, I., S. Roy, A.E. Watada, and W.P. Wergin. 1996. Changes in microbial populations of fresh-cut spinach. Intl. J. Food Microbiol. 31:107-119 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1605(96)00969-5
  2. Beltran, D., M.V. Selma, J.A. Tudela, and M.J. Gil. 2005. Effect of different sanitizers on microbial and sensory quality of fresh-cut potato strips stored under modified atmosphere or vacuum packaging. Postharvest BioI. Technol. 37:37-46 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2005.02.010
  3. Beuchat, L.R., R.R. Alder, and M.M. Lang. 2004. Efficacy of chlorine and a peroxyacetic acid sanitizer in killing Listeria monocytogenes on iceberg and romaine lettuce using simulated commercial processing conditions. J. Food Protec. 67: 1238-1242 https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-67.6.1238
  4. Beuchat, L.R., B.V. Nail, R.B. Alder, and M.R.S. Clavero. 1998. Efficacy of spray application of chlorinated water in killing pathogenic bacteria on raw apples, tomatoes, and lettuce. J. Food Protec. 61:1305-1311 https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-61.10.1305
  5. Bolin, H.R and C.C. Huxsoll. 1991. Control of minimally processed carrot (Daucus carorova) surface discoloration caused by abrasion peeling. J. Food Sci. 56:416-418 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb05293.x
  6. Cameron, A., P. Talasila, and D. Joles. 1995. Predicting film permeability needs for modified atmosphere packaging of lightly processed fruits and vegetables. HortScience 30:25-38
  7. FDA 2001. Secondary direct food additives permitted in food for human consumption. 21 Code of Federal Register 173-325
  8. Gonzalez, R.J., Y. Luo, S. Ruiz-Cruz, and J.L. McEvoy. 2004. Efficacy of sanitizers to inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7 on fresh-cut carrot shreds under simulated process water conditions. J Food Protec. 67:2375-2380 https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-67.11.2375
  9. Heimadal, H., B.F. Kuhn, L. Poll, and L.M. Larsen. 1995. Biochemical changes and sensory quality of shredded and MApackaged iceberg lettuce. J. Food Sci. 60: 1265-1276 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb04570.x
  10. Hong, J.H. and K.C. Gross. 1998. Surface sterilization of whole tomato fruit with sodium hypochlorite influence subsequent postharvest behavior of fresh-cut slices. Postharvest BioI. Technol. 13:51-58 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(97)00072-0
  11. Jiang, W., O. Sheng, XJ. Zhou, M.J. Zhang, and X.J. Liu. 2002. Regulation of detached coriander leaf senescence by I-methylcyclopropene and ethylene. Postharvest BioI. Technol. 26: 339-345 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(02)00068-6
  12. Kim, J.G., Y. Luo, Y. Tao, R.A., Saftner, and K.C. Gross. 2005. Effect of initial oxygen concentration and film oxygen transmission rate on the quality of fresh-cut romaine lettuce, J. Sci. Food Agr. 85:1622-1630 https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2158
  13. Klaiber, R.G., S. Baur, G. Wolf, W.P. Hammes, and R. Carle. 2005. Quality of minimally processed carrots as affected by warm water washing and chlorination. Inn. Food Sci. Emer. Technol. 6:351-362 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2005.03.002
  14. Lazcano, C.A., K.S. Yoo, and L.M. Pike. 2001. A method for measuring anthocyanins after removing carotenoids in purple colored carrots. Sci. Hort. 90:321-324 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(00)00248-X
  15. Li, P. and M.M. Barth. 1998. Impact of edible coatings on nutritional and physiological changes in lightly processed carrots. Postharvest BioI. Technol. 14:51-60 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(98)00020-9
  16. Li, Y., R.E. Bracket, R.L. Shewfelt, and L.R. Beuchat. 2001. Changes in appearance and natural microflora on iceberg lettuce treated in warm, chlorinated water and then stored at refrigeration temperature. Food Microbiol. 18:299-308 https://doi.org/10.1006/fmic.2001.0401
  17. Loaiza, J. and M. Cantwell. 1997. Postharvest physiology and quality of cilantro (Coriandrum sativum L.). HortScience 32:104-107
  18. Lopez-Galvez, G., G. Peiser, G.X. Nie, and M. Cantwell. 1997. Quality changes in packaged salad products during storage. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. A 205:64-72 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170050125
  19. Luo, Y., J.L. McEvoy, M.R Wachtel, J.G. Kim, and Y. Huang. 2004. Package atmosphere affects postharvest biology and quality of fresh-cut cilantro leaves. HortScience 39:567-570
  20. Meilgaard, M., G.Y. Civille, and R.T. Carr. 1991. Sensory evaluation techniques. 2nd edn., p. 213-215. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA
  21. O'Connor-Shaw, R.E., R. Roberts, A.L. Ford, and S.M. Nothingham. 1994. Shelf life of minimally processed honeydew, kiwifruit, papaya, pineapple, and cantaloupe. J. Food Sci. 59: 1202-1206 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb14676.x
  22. Park, C.M. and L.R. Beuchat. 1999. Evaluation of sanitizers for killing Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and naturally occurring microorganisms on cantaloupes, honeydew melons, and asparagus. Dairy Food Environ. Sanit. 19:842-847
  23. Richardson, S.D., A.D. Thurston, Jr., T.Y. Caughran, T.W. Collette, K.S. Patterson, and R.W. Lykins, Jr. 1998. Chemical byproducts of chlorine and alternative disinfectants. Food Technol. 52:58-61
  24. Rolando, J.G., Y. Luo, S. Ruiz-Cruz, and J.L. McEvoy. 2004. Efficacy of sanitizers to inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7 on fresh-cut carrot shreds under simulated process water conditions. J. Food Protec. 67:2375-2380 https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-67.11.2375
  25. Smyth, A., J. Song, and A. Cameron. 1998. Modified atmosphere packaged cut iceberg lettuce: Effect of temperature and $O_2$ partial pressure on respiration and quality. J. Agr. Food Chem. 46:4556-4562 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf980208s
  26. Szabo, E.A, L. Simons, M.J. Coventry, and M.B. Cole. 2003. Assessment of control measures to achieve a food safety objective of less than 100 CFU of Listeria monocytogenes per gram at the point of consumption for fresh precut iceberg lettuce. J. Food Protec. 66:256-264 https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-66.2.256
  27. Ukuku, D.O. 2004. Effect of hydrogen peroxide treatment on microbial quality and appearance of whole and fresh-cut melons contaminated with Salmonella spp. Intl. J. Food MicrobioI. 95:137-146 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.01.021
  28. Watada, A.E., N.P. Ko, and D.A. Minott. 1996. Factors affecting quality of fresh-cut horticultural products. Postharvest BioI. Technol. 9:115-125 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(96)00041-5
  29. Wei, C.I., D.L. Cook, and J.R. Kirk. 1985. Use of chlorine compounds in the food industry, Food Technol. 39: 107-115
  30. Zhang, H. and J.M. Farber. 1996. The effects of various disinfectants against Listeria monocytogenes on fresh-cut vegetables. Food Microbiol. 13:311-321 https://doi.org/10.1006/fmic.1996.0037