Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

The Korean Society of Occupational & Environmental Medicine (대한직업환경의학회)
권호 표지

Comparison of Energy Nutrient and Fat Intake betweenthe Hypertensive and Normotensive Male Workers

남성근로자의 고혈압 유무에 따른 열량 영양소 및 지질 섭취 상태 비교

김연정;김미경;백윤미;김수근

  • Published : 20061200
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in nutrient intake between normotensive workers and hypertensive workers to obtain basic data for developing a program of effective hypertension care at work. Methods: The subjects were 338 male workers. We measured physical data by medical examination and collected lifestyle data by questionnaire survey. Dietary intakes were collected using a food frequency questionnaire. We classified the subjects into normal, prehypertension, and hypertension groups, and compared the results of age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), lifestyles and energy nutrients and lipids intake. Results: There were significant differences in both weight and BMI between the hypertension group and the other two groups (p<0.05). The smoking levels of the prehypertension group and hypertension group were significantly higher than that of the normal group (p<0.05). The three groups also showed significant differences in drinking amount (p<0.05). There were significant differences in carbohydrate and protein intakes and the ratio of carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, there was a significant difference in carbohydrate intake between normotensive and hypertensive workers and the intake of energy nutrients and fatty acids in the prehypertension group and hypertension groups was unbalanced. Therefore, early diagnosis of workers with hypertension and prehypertension is necessary to improve lifestyles particularly food habit.

목적: 본 연구에서는 정상 근로자와 고혈압인 근로자간의 식이섭취 실태의 차이를 파악하여 효과적인 사업장 고혈압 관리 방안에 대한 기초 자료를 얻고자 하였다. 방법: 연구 대상은 임의 추출한 발전소 근무자 427명을 대상으로 하였으며, 신장, 체중과 혈압을 측정하고,생활습관 및 식품섭취빈도조사를 실시하여 자료가 완전한38명을 분석하였다. 대상자를 정상, 경계 고혈압과 고혈압군으로 분류하여 각 군 간 연령, 신장, 체중, 체질량지수, 혈압 등 인체계측 결과와 흡연, 음주, 운동 등 생활습관 및 열량 영양소 섭취 상태, 지질 성취상태의 결과를 비교하였다. 결과: 연령과 신장은 세 군 간 차이가 없었으나 체중과체질량지수는 고혈압 군과 다른 두 군 간에 유의한 차이를 보였다(p＜0.05). 세 군 모두 흡연율은 40.0% 미만으로 차이가 없었으나 흡연량은 경계 고혈압과 고혈압군이 정상군보다 유의하게 더 많았다(p＜0.05). 음주 습관에서 음주 빈도와 음주량은 경계 고혈압군이 다른 두 군보다 더 높았으며, 음주량만 통계적으로 유의한 차이가있었다(p＜0.05). 운동 빈도는 주3회 이상 하는 경우가정상군에서 높았으나 세 군 간에 차이가 없었다. 총 열량섭취량은 세 군 간 차이가 없었으나, 탄수화물, 단백질,지방 섭취량과 3대 영양소의 에너지 섭취 비율은 세 군간에 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 고혈압 군이 다른 군 보다탄수화물의 섭취는 많고, 지방 섭취는 적었다(p＜ 0.05).정상군에 비해 경계 고혈압과 고혈압군이 콜레스테롤 섭취량이 상대적으로 적었으나, 유의한 차이가 없었다. P /M /S비도 세 군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 경계 고혈압군은 총 열량, 단백질, 지방 과잉 섭취자의 비율이 높았고, 고혈압군은 탄수화물, 지방 과잉섭취자의 비율이높았으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다.

Keywords

References

  1. Anderssen S, Holme I, Urdal P, Hjerman I. Diet and exercise intervention have favourable effects on blood pressure in mild hypertensives: the Oslo Diet and Exercise Study (ODES). Blood Press 1995;4(6):343-9
  2. Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E, Vollmer WM, Svetkey LP, Sacks FM, Bray GA, Vogt TM, Cutler JA, Windhauser MM, Lin PH, Karanja N. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med 1997;336(16):1117-24 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199704173361601
  3. Berglund A. Andersson OK, Berglund G, Fagerberg B. Antihypertensive effect of diet compared with drug treatment in obese men with mild hypertension. BMJ 1989;299 (6697):480-5 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.299.6697.480
  4. Bronsqueet-Schoute DC, Hermus RJJ, Dallinga-Thie GM, Hautvadst JGAJ. Dependence of the effects of dietary cholesterol and experimental conditions on serum lipids in man. II Effects of dietary cholesterol in a linoleic acid poor diet. Am J Clin Nutr 1979;32: 2188-92 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/32.11.2188
  5. Cook NR, Cohen J, Hebert P, Taylor JO, Hennekens CH. Implications of small reductions on diastolic blood pressure for primary prevention. Arch Intern Med 1995;155(7):701-9 https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.155.7.701
  6. Criqui MH, Langer RD, Reed DM. Dietary alcohol, calcium and potassium. Independent and combined effects on blood pressure. Circulation 1989;80(3):609-14 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.80.3.609
  7. Davis BR, Blaufox D, Oberman A, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Zimbaldi N, Cutler JA, Kirchner K, Langford HG. Reduction in longterm antihypertensive medication requirements. Effects of weight reduction by dietary intervention in overweight persons with mild hypertension (TAIM). Arch Intern Med 1993; 153(15):1773-82 https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.153.15.1773
  8. Dibona GF. Neural mechanisms of volume regulation. Ann Inter Med 1983;98(5 Pt 2):750-2 https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-5-750
  9. Dyerberg J, Bang HO, Stofferson E, Moneada S, Vane JR. Eicosapentaenoic acid and prevention of thrombosis and atherosclerosis? Lancet 1978;2(8081):117-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)92916-8
  10. Hajjar IM, Grim CE, George V, Kotchen TA. Impact of diet on blood pressure an age-related changes in blood pressure in the US population : analysis of NHANES III. Arch Intern Med 2001;161(4):589-93
  11. Huang Z, Reddy A. Weight change, ideal weight and hypertension. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 1999;8(3):343-6 https://doi.org/10.1097/00041552-199905000-00011
  12. Kanamari T, Nakanishi N, Igarashi N, Kato M, Kato S, Sugino N. Effect of dietary protein in blood pressure and renal function in spontaneously hypertensive and control rats. Hypertension 1986;4:S457-8
  13. Khan NA, McAlister FA, Rabkin SW, Padwal R, Feldman RD, Campbell NR, Leiter LA, Lewanczuk RZ, Schiffrin EL, Hill MD, Arnold M, Moe G, Campbell TS, Herbert C, Milot A, Stone JA, Burgess E, Hemmelgarn B, Jones C, Larochelle P, Ogilvie RI, Houlden R, Herman RJ, Hamet P, Fodor G, Carruthers G, Culleton B, Dechamplain J, Pylypchuk G, Logan AG, Gledhill N, Petrella R, Tobe S, Touyz RM; Canadian Hypertension Education Program.The 2006 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations for the management of hypertension: Part II - Therapy. Can J Cardiol 2006;22(7):583-93 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0828-282X(06)70280-X
  14. Korean Nutrition Society. Dietary Reference Intakes For Koreans. Kukjin, Seoul. 2005
  15. Lee IM, Hennekens CH, Berger K, Buring JE, Hanson JE. Exercise and risk of stroke in male physicians. Stroke 1999;30(1):1-6 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.30.1.1
  16. Li C, Engstrom G, Hedblad B, Berglund G, Janzon L., Blood pressure control and risk of stroke: a population-based prospective cohort study. Stroke 2005;36(4):725-30 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000158925.12740.87
  17. Miller GJ, Miller NE. Plasma high density lipoprotein concentration and development of ischaemic heart disease. Lancet 1975;1(7897):16-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)95332-8
  18. Ministry of Health & Welfare. 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey. 2005
  19. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Nonpharmaclogic Approches to the Control of High Blood Pressure. Washington. DC: Gorvonment Printing Office. 1986
  20. National Institues of Health. The 6th Report of Joint National Commitee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Interm Med 1997;157(Nov):24
  21. National Statistical Office. 2004 Statistics of death causes. 2005
  22. Paolo MS, Christophe S, Eilhem V. Nutritional factors in the control of blood pressure and hypertension. Nutr Clin Care 2002;5(1):9-19 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-5408.2002.00513.x
  23. Potter JF, Beeves DG. Pressor effect of alcohol in hypertension. Lancet 1984;1(8369):119-22
  24. Roberts SL, McMurry MP, Connor WE. Does egg feeding (i.e. dietary cholesterol_ affect plasma cholesterol levels in humans- The results of a double-blind study. Am J Clin Nutr 1981;34(10): 2092-9 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/34.10.2092
  25. Sadoshima S, Heistad D. Sympathetic nerves protect the bloodbrain barrier in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1982;4(6):904-7 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.4.6.904
  26. Son SM. Health & dietary in industrial health - I. Hypertension. Industrial Health 2003;3(179):35-41. (translated by YJ Kim)
  27. Stamler J, Caggiula A, Grandits GA, Kjelsberg M, Cutler J. Relationship to blood pressure of combinations of dietary macronutrients. Circulation 1996;94(10): 2417-23 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.94.10.2417
  28. Stamler J, Elliott P, Kesteloot H, Nichols R, Claeys G, Dyer AR, Stamler R. Inverse relation of dietary markers with blood pressure. Circulation 1996;94(7):1629-34 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.94.7.1629
  29. Stamler R. Stamler J. Gosch FC Cvinelli J, Fishman J, McKeever P, McDonald A, Dyer AR. Primary prevention of hypertension by nutritional-hygienic means. Final report of a randomized. controlled trial. JAMA 1989;262(13):1801-7 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.262.13.1801
  30. Stamler R. Stamler J. Grimm R, Gosch FC, Elmer P, Dyer A, Berman R, Fishman J, Van Heel N, Civinelli J, McDonald A. Nutritional therapy for high blood pressure. Final report of a four-year randomized controlled trial. The hypertension control program. JAMA 1987;257(11):1484-91 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.257.11.1484
  31. Thakur V, Richards R, Reisin E. Obesity, hypertension, and the heart. Am J Med Sci 2001;321(4):242-8 https://doi.org/10.1097/00000441-200104000-00005
  32. The Treatment of Mild Hypertension Research Group. The Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study (TOMHS). A randomised, placebo-controlled trial of a nutritional-hygienic regimen along with various drug monotherapies. Arch Intern Med 1991;151(7):1413-23 https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.151.7.1413
  33. The Trials of Hypertension Prevention Collaborative Research Group. The effects of nonpharmacologic interventions on blood pressure of persons with high normal levels. Results of trials of hypertension prevention (TOPH), phase 1. J Am Med Assoc 1992;267(9):1213-20 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.267.9.1213
  34. Trevisan M, Krogh V, Farinaro E. Alcohol consumption, drinking pattern and blood pressure: analysis of data from the Italian National Research Council Study. Int J Epidemiol 1987 ;16(4):520-7 https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/16.4.520
  35. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. JNC 7 Express : The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure
  36. Whelton PK, Kumanyika SK, Cook NR, Cutler JA, Borhani NO, Hennekens CH, Kuller LH, Langford H, Jones DW, Satterfield S, Lasser NL, Cohen JD. Efficacy of nonpharmacologic interventions in adults with high normal blood pressure : results from phase 1 of the trials of hypertension prevention. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(suppl):652S-60S https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/65.2.652S
  37. Winegarden CR. From 'prehypertension' to hypertension? Additional evidence. Ann Epidemiol 2005;15(9):720-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.02.010
  38. Yamori Y, Horie R, Akiguchi I, Ohtaka M, Nara Y, Fukase M. New models of spontaneously hypertensive rat(SHR) for studies on stroke and atherogenesis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1976;3:199-203 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1976.tb02665.x
  39. Yamori Y, Horie R, Tanase H, Fujiwara K, Nara Y, Lovenberg W. Possible role of nutritional factors and incidence of cerebral lesions in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1984;6(1):49-53 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.6.1.49