Journal of Animal Science and Technology

Korean Society of Animal Sciences and Technology (한국축산학회)
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Effects of Higher Dietary Cation with or without Protected Fat and Niacin on the Milk Yield and Thermoregulatory Ability in Holsteins During Summer Heat Stress

여름철 고온스트레스 기간에 고 양이온 사료와 반추위 보호지방과 나이아신의 추가공급시 착유우의 유생산 및 체온조절에 미치는 영향

  • Published : 2006.08.31
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Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) with or without ruminally protected fat and niacin on the thermoregulatory ability, milk yield and milk composition of lactating dairy cows during summer in Korea. Thirty mid-lactating Holstein cows (134±12.4 DIM and 23.4±2.3kg/d of milk yield) were divided into three groups (10 animals/group). Cows were housed in a free-stall barn and were provided with forced- air ventilation (wind velocity = 4 m/s) using 41 cm diameter fans. Diet one was formulated to contain low DCAD (+15 DCAD) while the remaining two diets were higher in DCAD (+30 DCAD). One higher DCAD diet was formulated to contain by-pass fat and the second higher DCAD diet contained the niacin along with by-pass fat. The maximum ambient temperature during July was 28.5℃ which could be seen as a period of mild heat stress. As summer progressed, August was characterized as a severe heat stress condition with maximum ambient temperature (32.4℃) and THI (74.0). Dry matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrients intake was not affected by the DCAD level and supplementation of ruminally protected fat or niacin. Milk production was higher in cows fed diets supplemented with fat and niacin than those fed un-supplemented diet. No difference in milk yield was observed in cows fed diets supplemented with fat or niacin plus fat. Milk fat and rectal temperature were not affected by the DCAD level and supplementation of ruminally protected fat or niacin. However, respiration rate was decreased in cows fed diets supplemented with either fat or fat and niacin compared to those fed. The results of the present study indicated that higher DCAD (+30) and supplementation of fat along with niacin can somehow mitigate the negative effects of heat stress on milk yield and physiology of lactating Holsteins during July and August in Korea. In present study reduced respiration rate and increased milk yield in lactating cows may be attributed to the cooling effect of supplemented fat along with vasodilatory functions of niacin. (Key Words: DCAD, Heat stress, THI, milk yield, Milk fat, Holstein)

본 실험은 여름철 착유우의 체온조절 능력, 산유량 및 유성분에 미치는 양이온－음이온 균형 (dietary cation-anion difference : DCAD)과 반추위 보호지방이나 나이아신의 첨가 효과를 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 30두의 비유중기 홀스타인 착유우 (DIM 134±12.4, 산유량 23.4±2.3kg/d)를 세개의 군으로 구분하여 배치하였다 (처리당 10두). 시험축은 후리스톨 우사에서 사육되었고, 우사에는 41cm 직경의 송풍팬이 부착되어 풍속 4 m/s로 송풍되도록 하였다. 시험축은 7월부터 8월까지 2개월동안 3가지의 시험사료를 섭취할 수 있도록 하였으며, 시험사료는 양이온－음이온 균형이 +15와 +30인 사료에 보호지방 첨가, 나머지 사료는 반추위 보호지방이나 보호지방과 나이아신을 보충하였다. 시험기간 중 7월에는 최대 온도가 28.5℃로 시험축이 약간의 고온스트레스를 받는 정도로 유지되었으나, 시험이 진행되어 8월에는 특징적인 심한 고온스트레스를 보였고, 최대온도가 32.4℃에 도달하였으며, THI는 74.0이었다. 건물, 조단백질, 가소화양분총량 섭취량은 양이온－음이온 균형 수준과 반추위 보호 지방이나 나이아신에 의하여 영향을 받지 않았으나, 산유량은 반추위 보호지방과 나이아신을 첨가한 사료를 섭취한 착유우에서 무첨가구에 비하여 높았다(P<0.05). 반추위 보호지방이나 반추위 보호지방과 나이아신을 동시에 첨가한 처리간에는 산유량의 차이는 없었다. 그리고 유지방과 직장온도도 양이온－음이온 균형 수준과 반추위 보호지방이나 나이아신 첨가에 의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 호흡률은 반추위 보호지방이나 반추위 보호지방과 나이아신을 동시에 첨가한 처리에서 낮게 나타났다 (P<0.05). 본 연구의 결과는 높은 수준의 양이온－음이온 균형 (+30)과 반추위 보호지방과 나이아신을 첨가하는 경우에 여름철인 7월과 8월 고온기에 홀스타인 착유우의 고온스트레스를 줄이고, 호흡율을 감소시키며, 산유량을 증가시킬 수 있음을 나타내었다.

Keywords

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