Construction of a Reporter Strain Pseudomonas putida for the Detection of Oxidative Stress Caused by Environmental Pollutants

  • Lee Yun-Ho (Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Ahn Eun-Young (Division of Nano Sciences, Ewha Women's University) ;
  • Park Sung-Su (Division of Nano Sciences, Ewha Women's University) ;
  • Madsen Eugene L. (Department of Microbiology, Cornell University) ;
  • Jeon Che-Ok (Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Park Woo-Jun (Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center, Gyeongsang National University)
  • Published : 2006.03.01

Abstract

A green fluorescent protein-based Pseudomonas putida reporter was successfully constructed and shown to be capable of detecting oxidative stress. In this whole-cell reporter, the promoter of the paraquat-inducible ferredoxin-$NADP^+$ reductase (fpr) was fused to a promoterless gfp gene on a broad-host-range promoter probe vector. Pseudomonas putida KT2440 harboring this reporter plasmid exhibited an increased level of gfp expression in the presence of redox-cycling agents (paraquat and menadione), hydrogen peroxide, and potential environmental pollutant chemicals such as toluene, paint thinner, gasoline, and diesel. Induction of fpr in the presence of these chemicals was confirmed using Northern blot analysis.

Keywords

References

  1. Ausubel, F. M., R. Brent, R. E. Kingston, D. D. Moore, J. G. Seidman, J. A. Smith, and K. Struthl. 1999. Current Protocols in Molecular Biology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y., U.S.A
  2. Baik, S. H., P. K. Cho, M. H. Kim, and S. E. Yun. 2003. Enhanced production of benzoylformate reductase in Enterococcus faecalis under oxidative stress established by natural electron carriers. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 13: 104-109
  3. Belkin, S. 2003. Microbial whole-cell sensing systems of environmental pollutants. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 6: 206-212 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-5274(03)00059-6
  4. Bianchi, V., E. Haggard-Ljungquist, E. Pontis, and P. Reichard. 1995. Interruption of the ferredoxin (flavodoxin) NADP+ oxidoreductase gene of Escherichia coli does not affect anaerobic growth but increases sensitivity to paraquat. J. Bacteriol. 177: 4528-4531 https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.177.15.4528-4531.1995
  5. Chavez, F. P., H. Lunsdorf, and C. A. Jerez. 2004. Growth of polychlorinated-biphenyl-degrading bacteria in the presence of biphenyl and chlorobiphenyls generates oxidative stress and massive accumulation of inorganic polyphosphate. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 3064-3072 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.5.3064-3072.2004
  6. Halliwell, B. and J. M. C. Gutteridge. 1999. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. The 3rd ed. Oxford Press, Oxford
  7. Hidalgo, E., V. Leautaud, and B. Demple. 1998. The redoxregulated SoxR protein acts from a single DNA site as a repressor and an allosteric activator. EMBO J. 17: 2629-2636 https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/17.9.2629
  8. Imlay, J.A. 2003. Pathways of oxidative damage. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 57: 395-418 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.57.030502.090938
  9. Justus, T. and S. M. Thomas. 1999. Evaluation of transcriptional fusions with green fluorescent protein versus luciferase as reporters in bacterial mutagenicity tests. Mutagenesis 14: 351-356 https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/14.4.351
  10. Keane, A., P. Phoenix, S. Ghoshal, and P. C. Lau. 2002. Exposing culprit organic pollutants: A review. J. Microbiol. Methods 49: 103-119 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(01)00382-7
  11. Kim, I. M., Y. C. Lee, J. S. Won, and M. H. Choe. 2003. Identification of genes for growth with oxygen in Escherichia coli by operon fusion and Southern blot techniques. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 13: 976-983
  12. Kim, J. S., J. H. Kim, E. K. Ryu, J. K. Kim, C. K. Kim, I. G. Hwang, and K. Lee. 2004. Versatile catabolic properties of Tn4371-encoded bph pathway in Comamonas testosteroni (formerly Pseudomonas sp.) NCIMB 10643. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 14: 302-311
  13. Kim, T. K., H. D. Shin, M. C. Seo, J. N. Lee, and Y. H. Lee. 2003. Molecular structure of PCR cloned PHA synthase genes of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 and its utilization for medium-chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate production. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 13: 182-190
  14. Kim, Y. C., C. S. Kim, B. H. Cho, and A. J. Anderson. 2004. Major Fe-superoxide dismutase (FeSOD) activity in Pseudomonas putida is essential for survival under conditions of oxidative stress during microbial challenge and nutrient limitation. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 14: 859-862
  15. Krapp, A. R., R. E. Rodriguez, H. O. Poli, D. H. Paladini, J. F. Palatnik, and N. Carrillo. 2002. The flavoenzyme ferredoxin (flavodoxin)-NADP(H) reductase modulates NADP(H) homeostasis during the soxRS response of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 184: 1474-1480 https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.184.5.1474-1480.2002
  16. Krayl, M., D. Benndorf, N. Loffhagen, and W. Babel. 2003. Use of proteomics and physiological characteristics to elucidate ecotoxic effects of methyl tert-butyl ether in Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Proteomics 3: 1544-1552 https://doi.org/10.1002/pmic.200300477
  17. Min, J. and M. B. Ku. 2004. Adaptive responses of Escherichia coli for oxidative and protein damage using bioluminescence reporters. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 14: 466-469
  18. Mostertz, J., C. Scharf, M. Hecker, and G. Homuth. 2004. Transcriptome and proteome analysis of Bacillus subtilis gene expression in response to superoxide and peroxide stress. Microbiology 150: 497-512 https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26665-0
  19. Nunoshiba, T., E. Hidalgo, C. F. Amabile Cuevas, and B. Demple. 1992. Two-stage control of an oxidative stress regulon: The Escherichia coli SoxR protein triggers redoxinducible expression of the soxS regulatory gene. J. Bacteriol. 174: 6054-6060 https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.174.19.6054-6060.1992
  20. Park, W., C. O. Jeon, A. M. Hohnstock-Ashe, S. C. Winans, G. J. Zylstra, and E. L. Madsen. 2003. Identification and characterization of the conjugal transfer region of the pCg1 plasmid from naphthalene-degrading Pseudomonas putida Cgl. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 3263-3271 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.6.3263-3271.2003
  21. Pomposiello, P. J. and B. Demple. 2001. Redox-operated genetic switches: The SoxR and OxyR transcription factors. Trends Biotechnol. 19: 109-114 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7799(00)01542-0
  22. Schweigert, N., S. Belkin, P. Leong-Morgenthaler, A. J. Zehnder, and R. I. Eggen. 1999. Combinations of chlorocatechols and heavy metals cause DNA degradation in vitro but must not result in increased mutation rates in vivo. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 33: 202-210 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1999)33:3<202::AID-EM4>3.0.CO;2-C
  23. Simon, R., U. Priefer, and A. Puhler. 1983. A broad hostrange mobilization system for in vivo genetic engineering: Transposon mutagenesis in Gram-negative bacteria. Bio/Technology 1: 784-791 https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt1183-784
  24. Smith, A. H., J. A. Imlay, and R. I. Mackie. 2003. Increasing the oxidative stress response allows Escherichia coli to overcome inhibitory effects of condensed tannins. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 3406-3411 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.6.3406-3411.2003
  25. Storz, G. and J. A. Imaly. 1999. Oxidative stress. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 2: 188-194 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-5274(99)80033-2
  26. Yin, S., M. Fuangthong, W. P. Laratta, and J. P. Shapleigh. 2003. Use of a green fluorescent protein-based reporter fusion for detection of nitric oxide produced by denitrifiers. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 3938-3944 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.7.3938-3944.2003
  27. Zheng, M. and G. Storz, 2000. Redox sensing by prokaryotic transcription factors. Biochem. Pharmacol. 59: 1-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(99)00289-0
  28. Zheng, M., X. Wang, L. J. Templeton, D. R Smulski, R. A. LaRossa, and G. Storz. 2001. DNA microarray-mediated transcriptional profiling of the Escherichia coli response to hydrogen peroxide. J. Bacteriol. 183: 4562-4570 https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.183.15.4562-4570.2001