Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
권호 표지

Inflammatory Cytokines and Dietary Factors in Korean Elderly with Chronic Disease

만성 질환 노인에서의 면역 성분 양상과 식이예방인자

  • Park Hee-Jung (Department of Food and Nutrition, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Hwang Yu-Jin (Department of Food and Nutrition, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Kim Wha-Young (Department of Food and Nutrition, Ewha Womans University)
  • 박희정 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 황유진 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김화영 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2006.06.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between inflammatory cytokines and chronic disease status in Korean elderly. The subjects were 248 elderly people aged over 65 years recruited from Health Center in Seoul. The subjects were classified into 3 groups based on their disease (diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia) status: subjects with one diagnosed disease of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia fall into singular group (n=89), subjects with more than 2 disease into multiple group (n=39), and those with free of the diseases into normal (n=122). Anthropometric and biochemical characteristics, and dietary intakes were assessed. Dietary intakes were surveyed by 24-recall method. The means of IL-2, IL-6, MCP-1 and C3 were not differ among 3 groups. However, when subjects classified into tertiles of IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-$\alpha$ and C3 and frequencies of each fertile were compared, the multiple group showed significantly lower frequencies in lowest fertile than normal group (p<0.05), suggesting higher tendency of inflammatory responses. For hematological values, blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose levels were highest in multiple group (p<0.05) compared to other 2 groups. BMI, body fat(kg), and triceps skinfold thickness were also significantly higher in multiple group than in 2 other groups(p<0.05). Moreover, the concentrations of IL-2, IL-6 and C3 were significantly correlated with hematologic values of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides or obesity factors such as triceps skinfold thickness, BMI, and body fat(%). Among singular and multiple group, the subjects with higher intakes for vitamins A, C, and E showed the higher level of IL-2 and the lower level of MCP-1, and C3. In conclusion, blood concentrations of triglycerides and proinflammatory cytokines, blood pressure, obesity parameters (BMI, body fat, triceps skinfold thickness) were higher in multiple group than in normal, but this result strongly suggest that the increasement of the vitamin A, C, and E intakes would modify the cytokine levels to reduce the inflammatory response in the elderly people with chronic diseases.

Keywords

References

  1. Ikewaki K, Noma K, Tohyama JI, Kido T, Mchizuki S. Effects of bezafibrate on lipoprotein subclasses and inflammatory markers in patients with hypertriglyceridemia-a nuclear magnetic resonance study. Int J Cardiol 101: 441-447, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.03.071
  2. Eggesbo JB, Hjermann I, Hostmark AT, Kierulf P. LPS induced release of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-${\alpha}$ in EDTA of Heparin anticoagulated whole blood from persons with high of low levels of serum HDL. Cytokine 8 (2): 152-160, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1006/cyto.1996.0022
  3. Madabe S, Okaru T, Watanabe S, Fukuoka T, Higake J. Effects of angiotensin II receptor blockade with valsartan on pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with essential hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 46(6): 735-739, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.fjc.0000185783.00391.60
  4. Duncan BB, Schmidt MI, Pankow JS, Ballantyne CM, Couper D, Vigo A, Hoogeveen R, Folsom AR, Heiss G. Low-grade systemic inflammation and the development of type 2 diabetes: the Insulin resistance atherosclerosis study. Diabetes 52: 1799-1805, 2003 https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.7.1799
  5. Spranger J, Kroke A, Mohlig M, Hoffmann K, Bergmann MM, Ristow M, Boeing H, Pfeiffer AF. Inflammatory cytokines and the risk to develop type 2 diabetes: results of the prospective population-based European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition(EPIC)-potsdam study. Diabetes 52: 812-817, 2003 https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.3.812
  6. Fan AZ, Russell M, Dorn J, Freudenheim JL, Nochajski T, Hovey K, Trevisan M. Lifetime alcohol drinking pattern is related to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Eur J Epidemiol 21: 129-138, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-005-5457-y
  7. Tanriverdi H, Evrengul H, Kuru O, Tanriverdi S, Seleci D, Enli Y, Kaftan HA, Kilic M. Cigarette smoking induced oxidative stress may impair endothelial function and coronary blood flow in angiographically normal coronary arteries. Circ J 70: 593-599, 2006
  8. Reinehr T, Kiess W, Sousa G, Stoffel-Wagner B, Wunsch R. Intima media thickness in childhood obesity relation to inflammatory marker, glucose metabolism, and blood pressure. Metabolism 55: 113-118, 2006
  9. Kern PA, Ranganathan S, Le C, Wood L, Ranganathan G. Adiposetissue tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 expression in human obesity and insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 280: E745-E751, 2001
  10. Herder R. Demming AB. The power of a balanced diet and lifestyle in preventing cardiovascular disease. Nutr Clin Care 7(2): 46-55, 2004
  11. Williams C, Kingwell BA, Burke K, McPherson J, Dart AM. Folic acid supplementation for 3 wk reduces pulse pressure and large artery stiffness independent of MTHFR genotype. Am J Clin Nutr 82: 26-31, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/82.1.26
  12. Karmally W, Montez MG, Palmas W, Martinez W, Branstetter A, Ramakrishnan R, Holleran SF, Haffner SM, Ginsberg HN. Cholesterol-lowering benefits of oat-containing cereal in hispanic americans. J Am Diet Assoc 105: 967-970, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2005.03.006
  13. Bo S, Gambino R, Guidi S, Silli B, Gentile L, Cassader M, Pagano GF. Plasma nitrtyrosine levels, antioxidant vitamins and hyperglycaemia. Diabet Med 22: 1185-1189, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01588.x
  14. Stang J, Zephier EM, Story M, Himes JH, Yeo JL, Welty T, Howard BV. Dietary intakes of nutrients thought to modify cardiovascular risk from three groups of american indians: the strong heart dietary study, phase II. J Am Diet Assoc 105: 1895-1903, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2005.09.003
  15. Watzl B, Bub A, Briviba K, Rechkemmer G. Supplementation of a low-carotenoid diet with tomato or carrot juice modulates immune functions in healthy men. Ann Nutr Metab 47: 255-261, 2003
  16. Sesso HD, Buring JB, Norkus EP, Gaziano JM. Plasma lycopene, other carotenoids, adn retinol and the risk of cardiovascular disease in men. Am J Clin Nutr 81: 990-997, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/81.5.990
  17. Friedwald WT, Levy RI, Fredireck DS. Estimation of the concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 18: 499-502, 1972
  18. Pictures of portion size in commonly used food, Korean Dietetic Association, Seoul, 199
  19. Diagnosing Diabetes Mellitus. International Diabetes Center. In: www.parknicollet.com/diabetes, 2005
  20. Recommended dietary allowances for Korean, 7th revision, The Korean Nutrition Society, Seoul, 2000
  21. Report on 2001 national Health and Nutrition Survey, Ministry of Health and Welfare. Seoul, 2002
  22. Cesari M, Brenda WJ, Anne BN, Stephen BK, Barbar JN, Kim ST, Susan MR, Jingzhong D, Eleanor MS, Tamara BH, Marco P. Inflammatory markers and onset of cardiovascular Events: results from the health ABC Study. Circulation 108: 2317-2322, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000097109.90783.FC
  23. Parissis JT, Benetsanou KF, Kalantzi MV. Serum profiles of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and C-C chemokines in hypertensive patients with or without significant hyperlipidemia. Am J cardiol 85: 777-779, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(99)00862-0
  24. Torzewski J, Bowyer DE, Waltenberger J, Fitzsimmons C. Processes in atherogenensis: complement activation. Atherosclerosis 132: 131-138, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9150(97)00100-7
  25. Muscari A, Massarelli G, Bastagli L, Poggiopollini G, Tomassetti V, Drago G, Martignani C, Pacilli P, Boni P, Puddu P. Relationship of serum C3 to fasting insulin, risk factors and previous ischaemic events in middle-aged men. Eur Heart J 21(13): 1081- 1090, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1053/euhj.1999.1889
  26. Lemos JA, Morrow DA, Sabatine MS, Murphy SA, Gibson CM, Antman EM, McCabe CH, Cannon CP, Braunwald E. Association between plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein- 1 and long-term clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 107: 690-695, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000049742.68848.99
  27. Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Walter CW, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH. A prospective study of moderate alcohol consumption and the risk of coronary disease and stroke in women. N Engl J Med 319: 267-273, 1988 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198808043190503
  28. Kampus P, Muda P, Kals J, Ristimae T, Fischer K, Teesalu R, Zilmer M. The relationship between inflammation and arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertension. Int J Cardiol Article in press, 2005
  29. Esposito K, Nappo F, Marfella R, Giugliano G, Giugliano F, Ciotola M, Quagliaro L, Ceriello A, Giugliano D. Inflammatory cytokine concentrations are acutely increased by hyperglycemia in humans. Circulation 106: 2067-2072, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000034509.14906.AE
  30. Mohrschladt MF, Weverling-Rijnsburger AWE, Man FHAF, Stoeken DJ, Sturk A, Smelt AHM, Westendorp RGJ. Hyperlipoproteinemia affects cytokine production in whole blood samples ex vivo. The influence of lipid-lowering therapy. Atherosclerosis 148: 413-419, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9150(99)00316-0
  31. Zachary TB. Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and aspects of insulin action. Diabetes Care 28(9): 2312-2319, 2005 https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.28.9.2312
  32. Watzl B, Kulling SE, Moseneder J, Barth SW, Bub A. A 4-wk intervention with high intake of carotenoid-rich vegetables and fruit reduces plasma C-reactive protein in healthy, nonsmoking men. Am J Clin Nutr 82: 1052-1058, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/82.5.1052
  33. Singh U, Devaraj S, Jialal I. Vitamin E, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Annu Rev Nutr 25: 151-174, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.24.012003.132446
  34. Jung WJ, Sung MK. Effects of major dietary antioxidants on inflammatory markers of RAW 264.7 macrophages. Biofactors 21(1-4): 113-117, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.552210122