Clinical Characteristics of Tuberculosis in North Korean Refugees

북한이탈주민에서의 결핵의 임상적 고찰

  • Choi, Chang-Min (Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital) ;
  • Jeong, Woo-Kyoung (Department of Radiology, Armed Forces Capital Hospital) ;
  • Kang, Cheol-In (Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Doh-Hyung (Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Young-Keun (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Heo, Sang-Taek (Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Hee-Jin (The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis)
  • 최창민 (국군수도병원 호흡기내과) ;
  • 정우경 (국군수도병원 방사선과) ;
  • 강철인 (국군수도병원 호흡기내과) ;
  • 김도형 (국군수도병원 호흡기내과) ;
  • 김영근 (연세대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 허상택 (성균관대학교 의과대학 삼성서울병원 감염내과) ;
  • 김희진 (결핵연구원)
  • Received : 2006.01.17
  • Accepted : 2006.03.02
  • Published : 2006.03.30

Abstract

Background : North Korea's economic and public health problems began in the early 1990s as a result of the gradual loss of economic support from its communist allies, combined with an inordinate number of natural disasters. The decline in public health has increased the incidence of tuberculosis in North Koreans and refugees. This study investigated tuberculosis situation in North Korean refugees in order to prepare for the future impact of tuberculosis control in Korea. Material and Methods : From 2001 to 2005, tuberculosis patients among North Korean refugees who were diagnosed before or after arriving in South Korea, based on the official records of OO hospital, were enrolled in this study. The demographic and clinical data of the cases were evaluated retrospectively. Results : A total of 42 TB cases were reviewed during the study period. Of these, 37 (88.1%) cases were pulmonary TB. based on the cases identified among the number of North Korean refugees' arriving each year, the annual incidence of pulmonary TB were 900 per 100,000 in 2004, 700 in 2003, The number of smear-positive patients was 20 (47.6%) and the number of culture-positive patients was 18 (42.9%). Of the M. tuberculosis isolates, 2 cases were found to be susceptible to all anti-TB drugs available, 4 were resistant to isoniazid, and 3 were multi-drug resistant. Conclusion : The prevalence of pulmonary TB in North Korean Refugees is high. In addition, North Korean refugees suffer from more severe tuberculosis in bacteriological and radiological aspects.

배 경: 북한이탈주민들은 기존 의료체계의 영역 밖에 있고 불규칙한 도피생활과 육체적, 심리적인 압박감으로 결핵과 같은 전염성 질환에 쉽게 노출되나 적절한 치료가 이루어지지 못할 것으로 추정된다. 북한이탈주민의 국내 입국규모는 매년 꾸준히 증가하고 있으나 아직까지 북한이탈주민의 결핵에 대한 실태조사나 연구가 전무하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법: 2001년 4월부터 2005년 12월까지 북한이탈주민이 국내에 입국한 후 시행한 신체검진과 병력청취에서 결핵이 의심된 환자의 의무기록과 방사선사진을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 환자의 증상과 결핵의 과거력과 치료력 및 입원 후 시행한 일반혈액검사와 생화학검사, 항산균도말검사, 항산균배양검사, 약제감수성검사 결과를 조사하였다. 결 과: 전체 42명 중 폐결핵이 37명(88.1%), 결핵성 흉막염 2명(4.8%), 림프절결핵 2명(4.8%), 척추결핵 한명(2.4%)이었다. 2002년에 입국한 북한이탈주민 1139명 중 6명(0.52%), 2003년 1281명 중 9명(0.70%), 2004년 1894명 중 17명(0.90%)가 활동성 결핵으로 조사되었다. 22명(52.4%)이 과거에 결핵으로 치료받은 적이 있었으며 이중 7명(31.8%)이 복합처방으로 6개월 이상의 치료를 받았고 나머지 15명(68.2%)는 결핵에 대한 치료를 적절하게 받지 못하였다. 9명(21.4%)의 환자들은 국내입국하기 한두달 전에 결핵으로 진단되어 결핵약을 복용하고 있는 중이었다. 입원당시 항산성도말검사에서 20명(47.6%)이 양성으로 나왔고 18명(42.9%)이 배양검사에서 양성으로 조사되었다. 약제감수성 검사를 시행한 9명의 환자에서 2명(22.2%)이 모든 약제에 감수성이 있는 결핵으로 진단되었고 4명(44.4%)이 Isoniazid 단독내성결핵, 3명(33.3%)이 다제내성결핵으로 진단되었다. 결 론: 따라서 북한이탈주민에 대해 입국초기 결핵에 대한 정확한 검사와 병력을 청취하여 조기에 결핵을 진단하고 치료종결시까지 환자관리체계를 구축해야 할 것이다.

Keywords

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