Journal of Ecology and Environment

The Ecological Society of Korea (한국생태학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Environmental Risk Assessment of Watermelon Grafted onto Transgenic Rootstock Resistant to Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus (CGMMV) on Non-Target Insects in Conventional Agro-Ecosystem

  • Yi, Hoon-Bok (Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology(KRIBB)) ;
  • Park, Ji-Eun (Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology(KRIBB)) ;
  • Kwon, Min-Chul (Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology(KRIBB)) ;
  • Park, Sang-Kyu (Department of Biological Science, Ajou University) ;
  • Kim, Chang-Gi (Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology(KRIBB)) ;
  • Jeong, Soon-Chun (Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology(KRIBB)) ;
  • Yoon, Won-Kee (Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology(KRIBB)) ;
  • Park, Sang-Mi (Biotechnology Institute, Nong Woo Bio Co.) ;
  • Han, Sang-Lyul (Biotechnology Institute, Nong Woo Bio Co.) ;
  • Harn, Chee-Hark (Biotechnology Institute, Nong Woo Bio Co.) ;
  • Kim, Hwan-Mook (Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology(KRIBB))
  • Published : 2006.08.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We investigated the impact of watermelon grafted onto Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus (CGMMV)-resistant transgenic watermelon rootstock on insects as non-target organisms in a greenhouse in 2005. We quantitatively collected insect assemblages living on leaves and flowers, and we used sticky traps to collect alate insects. We compared the patterns of insect assemblages and community composition, cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) on watermelon leaves and western flower thrip (Frankliniella occidentalis Trybom) on watermelon male flowers, between CGMMV-resistant transgenic watermelon (TR) and non-transgenic watermelon (nTR). Non-parametric multidimensional scaling (NMS) ordination verified that insect assemblages on leaves and sticky traps were different between TR and nTR (P<0.05). The insect assemblages on male flowers were not statistically significant. Multi-response permutation procedures proofed our results from NMS results (P>0.05). Conclusively, TR watermelons appear to have some adverse effects on the population of cotton aphids on leaves and sticky traps, but watermelon male flowers do not show an adverse effect. Further research is required to assess the effect of TR on the aphid and western flower thrip. Life table experiments might support the specific reason for the adverse effects from leaf assemblages. Assessment of non-target impacts is an essential part of the risk assessment of non-target insects for the impact of transgenic organisms.

Keywords

References

  1. Badosa E, Moreno C, Montesinos E. 2004. Lack of detection of ampicillin resistance gene transfer from Bt176 transgenic corn to culturable bacteria under field conditions. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 48: 169-178 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2004.01.005
  2. Beals EW. 1984. Bray-Curtis ordination: an effective strategy for analysis of multivariate ecological data. Adv Ecol Res 14: 1-55 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60168-3
  3. Bigler F, Babendreier D. 2006. Environmental impact of invertebrates for biological control of arthropods: methods and risk assessment. CABI, London, UK
  4. Biondini ME, Mielke PW, Berry KJ. 1988. Data-dependent permutation techniques for the analysis of ecological data. Vegetatio 75: 161- 168
  5. Clarke KR. 1993. Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure. Aust J Ecol 18: 117-143 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1993.tb00438.x
  6. Conner AJ, Glare TR, Nap JP. 2003. The release of genetically modified crops into the environment. Part II. Overview of ecological risk assessment. Plant J 33: 19-46 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0960-7412.2002.001607.x
  7. Cowgill SE, Atkinson HJ. 2003. A sequential approach to risk assessment of transgenic plants expressing protease inhibitors: effect on nontarget herbivorous insects. Transgenic Res 12: 439-449 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024215922148
  8. Cranshaw W. 2004. Garden insects of north America; The ultimate guide to backyard bugs. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey
  9. Dale P. 2002. The environmental impact of genetically modified (GM) crops-A review. J Agri Sci 138: 245-248
  10. Delaplane KS, Mayer DF. 2000. Crop pollination by bees. CABI. London, UK
  11. Fraley R. 1992. Sustaining the supply. Bio Technology 10: 40-43 https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0192-40
  12. Goh HG, Kim JH, Han MW. 2002. Application of Aphidus colemani Viereck for control of the aphid in Greenhouse. J Asia-Pacific Entomol 4: 171-174 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1226-8615(08)60119-3
  13. Griffiths BS, Geoghegan IE, Robertson WM. 2000. Testing genetically engineered potato, producing the lectins GNA and Con A, on non-target soil organisms and processes. J Appl Ecol 37: 159-170 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2000.00481.x
  14. Higgins CJ, Mayer JH. 1992. Sex ratio patterns and population dynamics of western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Environ Entomol 21: 322-330 https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/21.2.322
  15. Hilbeck A, Andow DA. 2004. Environmental risk assessment of genetically modified organisms: V. 1. A case study of Bt Maize in Kenya. CABI, Wallingford, UK
  16. Hilbeck A, Andow DA, Fontes EMG. 2006. Environmental risk assessment of genetically modified organisms: V.2 Methodologies for assessing Bt cotton in Brazil. CABI, London UK
  17. James C. 2005. Executive summary of global status of commercialized biotech/GM crops: ISAAA Briefs No. 34. ISAAA: Ithaca, NY
  18. KRIBB report. 2005. Report of Korea Research Initiative program, UCKBMㅡ0200414-2005010-6, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
  19. Kruskal JB. 1964. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling: a numerical method. Psychometrika 29: 115-129 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02289694
  20. Mather PM. 1976. Computational methods of multivariate analysis in physical geography. John Wiley and Sons, London, UK
  21. McCune B, Grace JB. 2002. Analysis of ecological communities. MjM Software Design. Gleneden Beach, OR, USA
  22. McCune B, Mefford MJ. 1999. PC-ORD. Multivariate analysis of ecological data. Version 4.0. MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, OR, USA
  23. Nap JP, Metz PLJ, Escaler M, Conner AJ. 2003. The release of genetically modified crops into the environment. Part I. Overview of current status and regulations. Plant J 33:1-18 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0960-7412.2003.01602.x
  24. Park JD, Kim SG, Kim DI, Cho KJ. 2002. Population dynamics of Frankliniella occidentalis on different rose cultivars and flowering stages. J Asia-Pacific Entomol 5: 97-102 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1226-8615(08)60137-5
  25. Park SM, Lee JS, Jegal S, Jeon BY, Jung M, Park YS, Han SL, Shin YS, Her NH, Lee JH, Lee MY, Ryu KH, Yang SG, Harn CH. 2005. Transgenic watermelon rootstock resistant to CGMMV (cucumber green mottle mosaic virus) infection. Plant Cell Rep 24: 350-356 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-005-0946-8
  26. SAS Institute. 2001. PROC user's manual, version 6th ed. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA
  27. Simmonds NW, Smartt J, Millam S, Spoor W. 1999. Principles of crop improvement, 2nd ed. Blackwell, Oxford, UK
  28. Sylvester ES. 1989. Viruses transmitted by aphids. In: Aphids, their biology, natural enemies and control. Vol. 2C (Minks AK, Harrewijin P, eds). Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Natherlands. pp. 65-87
  29. UN-DSD (Division for sustainable development). 1999. Agenda 21. Chapter 16: Environmentally sound management of biotechnology. Available at: www.un.org/esa/sustdev/agenda21chapter16.htm
  30. Wijkamp I, Almarza N, Goldbach R, Peters D. 1995. Distinct levels of specificity in thrips transmission of tospoviruses. Phtopathology 10: 1069-1074
  31. http://www.gmo-guidelines.info

Cited by

  1. The Comparative Study of Arthropods Community on Non-transgenic Mother Chili Pepper (P915) and Transgenic Chili Pepper (CMVP0-CP) in the Isolated Quarantine LMO Fields vol.49, pp.1, 2010, https://doi.org/10.5656/KSAE.2010.49.1.023