Journal of Ecology and Environment

The Ecological Society of Korea (한국생태학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Sediments at Bam Islands in Seoul, Korea

  • Han, Mie-Hie (Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Jae-Geun (Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University)
  • Published : 2006.08.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

To examine sediment characteristics and find anthropogenic effects on riverine wetland ecosystems, paleoecological study was carried out at Bam islands in Seoul. Three hundred cm deep sediment cores were retrieved and dated with the lamination analysis method until 36 cm depth (1986). Sediments were divided into three zones based on the depth profiles of physico-chemical variables: below 160 cm depth (before 1968), between 160 and 40cm depths and above 40cm depth (after 1986). Physico-chemical characteristics were very variable between 160 and 40cm depths and this indicates unstable sedimentation environment. Even though heavy metal concentrations were relatively low, Cd and As contents have increased continuously. Dry mass accumulation rates during $1968{\sim}1986\;and\;1987{\sim}2003$ were 140 and $21\;kg\;m^{-2}\;yr^{-1}$, respectively. This was related to flooding intensity and duration. Bulk density, water content, loss on ignition, N, C, C/N ratio were very similar to other river delta but Ca, Na and K contents were 2 to 4 times higher than others. Heavy metal contents except Pb were lower or similar to those in other studied marshes in Korea. Heavy metal and Mg contents were correlated with each other and this suggests that the source of heavy metals be parent rock. From $^{13}C$ dating dates of organic materials in sediment, it is suggested that organic matter originated from the watershed and flooding intensity in the watershed might be responsible for the source of sediments. This study provides reference data for the comparison of sediment characteristics at islands in river and for the management of Bam islands.

Keywords

References

  1. Bartow SM, Craft CB, Richardson CJ. 1996. Reconstructing historical changes in Everglades plant community composition using pollen distributions in peat. Lake Res Mgmt 12: 313-322 https://doi.org/10.1080/07438149609354273
  2. Bradbury JP, Van Metre PC. 1997. A land-use and water-quality history of White Rock Lake reservoir, Dallas, Texas, based on paleolimnological analysis. J Paleolimn 17: 227-237 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007923829759
  3. Brenner M, Whitemore TJ, Schelske CL. 1996. Paleolimnological evaluation of historical trophic state conditions in hypereutrophic Lake Thonotosassa, Florida, USA. Hydrobiologia 331: 143-152 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00025415
  4. Craft CB, Richardson CJ. 1998. Recent and long-term organic soil accretion and nutrient accumulation in the Everglades. Soil Sci Soc Am J 62: 834-843 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200030042x
  5. Dean WE Jr. 1974. Determination of carbonates and organic matter in calcareous sediment and sedimentary rocks by loss on ignition: Comparison with other methods. J Sed Petrol 44: 242-248
  6. Boyle J. 2004. A comparison of two methods for estimating the organic matter content of sediments. J Paleolimn 31: 125-127 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOPL.0000013354.67645.df
  7. Faegri K, Iverson J. 1989. Textbook of Pollen Analysis. John Wiley and Sons. New York
  8. Kim JG, Lee YW. 2005. Recent vegetation history and environmental changes in Wangdeungjae moor of Mt. Jiri. Korean J Ecol 28: 121-127 https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2005.28.3.121
  9. Kim JG. 2003. Response of sediment chemistry and accumulation rates to recent environmental canges in the Clear lake watershed, California, USA. Wetlands 23: 95-103 https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2003)023[0095:ROSCAA]2.0.CO;2
  10. Kim JG. 2005. Assessment of recent industrialization in wetlands near Ulsan, Korea. J Paleolimn 33: 433-444 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-004-7617-6
  11. Kim JG, Park JH, Choi BJ, Shim JH, Kwon KJ, Lee BA, Lee YW, Joo WJ. 2004. Method in ecology. Bomundang, Seoul, p 285. (in Korean)
  12. Kim JG, Rejmankova E. 2001. The paleoecological record of human disturbance in wetlands of the Lake Tahoe basin. J Paleolimn 25: 437-454 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011176018331
  13. Kim JG, Rejmankova E, Spanglet HJ. 2001. Implications of a sedimentchemistry study on subalpine marsh conservation in the Lake Tahoe basin, USA. Wetlands 21: 379-394 https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2001)021[0379:IOASCS]2.0.CO;2
  14. Mitsch WJ, Gosselink JG. 1999. Wetlands, 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, p 919
  15. Mun H-T. 1997. Effects of colony nesting of Adrea cinerea and Egretta alba modesta on soil properties and herb layer composition in a Pinus densiflora forest. Plant Soil 197: 55-59 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004292103610
  16. Murray TE, Gottgens JF. 1997. Historical changes in phosphorus accumulation in a small lake. Hydrobiologia 345: 39-44 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002948709051
  17. Saarnisto M. 1986. Annually laminated lake sediments. In: Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology (Berglund BE, ed). John Wiley & Sons Ltd., New Jersey, pp 343-370
  18. Schlesinger WH. 1999. Biogeochemistry: An analysis of global change. Academic Press, New York, p 588
  19. Seoul City. 1998. Survey Research in Han river Ecosystem. (in Korean)
  20. Seoul City. 2004. Ecological Monitoring and Management Plan in Bam Islands Ecosystem Conservation Area. (in Korean)
  21. Smol JP. 1992. Paleolimnology: an important tool for effective ecosystem management. Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health 1: 49-58 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00044408
  22. Wieder RK, Novak M, Schell WR, Rhodes T. 1994. Rates of peat accumulation over the past 200 years in five Sphagnum dominated peatlands in the United States. J Paleolimn 12: 35-47 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00677988