Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics (한국운동역학회지)

Korean Society of Applied Biomechanics (한국운동역학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Study on critical Value of Kinematical Evaluation Variables of Lower Extremity Pronation in Biomechanical Evaluation of Running Shoes

운동화의 생체역학적 평가시 하지 회내운동의 운동학적 평가변인에 대한 상해 기준치 연구

  • Published : 2006.12.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to find the relationship between Achilles tendon angle, angular velocity from 2D cinematography utilized to easily analyze the functions of shoes, ankle joint moment, knee joint moment, and hip joint moment from 3D cinematography utilized to predict the injury. Also, this study was to provide the optimal standard to analyze the injury related to the shoes. Subjects in this study were 30 university male students and 18 conditions (2 types of running speed, 3 of midsole hardness, 3 of midsole height) were measured using cinematography and force platform. The results were as following. 1) Hip joint abduction moment was effected by many variables such as running speed, midsole height, maximum achilles tendon angle, ground reaction force. 2) Knee joint rotational moment in running was approximately 1/10 - 1/4 times of the injury critical value and eversion moment was approximately 1/4 - 1/2 times of the injury critical value. 3) Ankle joint pronation moment in running was 1/3 - 1/2 times of the injury critical value. 4) Knee joint rotational moment was found to be irrelevant with maximum achilles tendon angle or angular velocity. 5) Pronation from running was thought to be relevant to rather eversion moment activity than rotational moment activity of knee joint. 6) Plantar flexion abductor of ankle showed significant relationship with the ground reaction force variable. 7) When the loading rate for ground reaction force in passive region increased, extensor tended to be exposed to the injury. Main variables in biomechanical analysis of shoes were impact absorption and pronation. Among these variables, pronation factor was reported to be relevant with knee injury from long duration exercise. Achilles tendon angle factor was utilized frequently to evaluate this. However, as the results of this study showed, the relationship between these variables and injury relating variable of knee moment was so important. Studies without consideration on this finding should be reconsidered and reconfirmed.

Keywords

References

  1. 곽창수(1994). 마라톤화 중저의 부위별 경도가 충격흡수 및 추진력의 크기에 미치는 효과. 한국체육과학연구원. 1994년도 연구과제결과보고서.
  2. 문영진(1999). 조깅시 부상방지를 위한 신발 중저의 경도 및 높이에 대한 연구. 서울대학교 체육연구소 논집. 제 20권 2호.
  3. 프로스펙스 (1997). 런닝화 브렌드별 생체역학적 기능분석. 미 발간물.
  4. Alan Hreljac (2004). Impact and overuse injuries in runners. Medicine and Science in sport & exercise. Vol. 36, No. 5, May 2004, pp 845-849.
  5. Clement, D.B., et al.(1981) A survey of running overuse injuries. Phys. Sportsmed 9:47-58.
  6. Cook, S. D., Brinker, M. R., Mahlon, P.(1990). Running shoes, their relation to running injuries. Physician and Sports Medicine 9, 47 - 58.
  7. Davis III,R. B., Ounpuu, S., Tyburski, D., and James R. Gage (1991). Human Movement Science, 10, 575-587. North-Holland. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-9457(91)90046-Z
  8. Frederick, E. C., Clarke, T. E., Hamill, C. L.(1984). The effect of running shoe design on shock attenuation. In E.C.
  9. Hamill, J., Haddad, J. M., McDermott, W. J.(2000). Issues in quantifying variability from a dynamical systems perspective. Journal of applied biomechanics. 16 : 407-418.
  10. Hinterman, B., Nigg, B.M., et al(1994). Clin Biomech 2:60-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/0268-0033(87)90073-8
  11. James, S., Bates, B., Osternig, L.(1978). Injuries in runners. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 6, 40-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354657800600202
  12. Kerr, B.A., Beauchamp, L., Fisher, V., and Veil, R.(1983). Footstrike patterns in distance running. In: B. M. Nigg and B. A. Kerr(eds.), Biomechanical aspects of sports shoes and playing surfaces, pp. 135-142. University of Calgary, Canada.
  13. Knutzen, K. M. and Price, A.(1994). Lower extremity static and dynamic relationships with rearfoot motion in gait. J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc., 84, 171-180. https://doi.org/10.7547/87507315-84-4-171
  14. Lafortune, M. A., Cavanagh, P. R., Commer, H. J. III, & Kalenak, A. (1992). Three dimensional kinematics of the knee during walking. Journal of Biomechanics, 25, 347-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(92)90254-X
  15. Maryn, R.(2005). Footwear Biomechanics : What does the future hold? 7th symposium on footwear biomechanics.
  16. McMahon, T. A., Valiant, G. and Frederick, E. C.(1987). Ground running. J. Appl. Phy- siology, 62, 2326-2337.
  17. Milani, T. L., Schnabel, G. and Hennig, E. M.(1995). Rearfoot motion and pressure distribution patterns during running in shoes with varus and valgus wedges. J. Appl. Biomech., 11, 177-187.
  18. Nigg, B. N. (1986). Biomechanics of running shoes. Human Kinetics Publishers.
  19. Nigg, B. M., Bahlsen. H. A., Luethi, S. M., Stoke, S. (1987). The influence of running velocity and midsole hardness of external impact forces in heel-toe running. Journal of Biomechanics 20(10), 951-959. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(87)90324-1
  20. Parenteau, C. S., Viano, D. C. and Petit, P.Y.(1998). Biomechanial properties of human cadaveric ankle-subtalar joint in quasi-static loading. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, Fe- bruary, Vol. 120. 105-111. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2834289
  21. Piziali, R. L., Nagel, D. A., Koogle, T., & Whalen, R. (1982). Knee and tibia strength in snow skilling. In R. J. Jonson, W. Hauser, & M. Magi(Eds), In Si Trauma and Skilling Safety IV(pp. 24-31). Munich : TUV Publication Series.
  22. Sparrow, W. A., Donovan, E., van Emmerik, R. E .A., & Barry, E. B. (1987). Using relative motion plots to measure changes in intra-limb and inter-limb coordination. Journal f Motor behavior, 19:115-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.1987.10735403
  23. Stefanyshyn. (2003). Joint Movements, Sport Surface and Sport Injuries, pp. 89-106. HPL, calgary.
  24. Walter, S. D., Hart, L. E., Sutton, J. R., Mclntosh, J. M., Gauld, M. (1988). Training habit and injury experience in distance runners, age and sex related factors. The physician and Sports medicine 16, 101-111. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354658801600203