Effects of a Combined Diet of Jerusalem Artichoke's Inulin, Lotus Leaf and Herb Extracts in Obesity-induced White Rat with Fat Diet

돼지감자의 이눌린, 연잎, 허브의 병합식이가 고지방식이로 유도된 비만흰쥐에 미치는 영향

  • Lee, Eun-Hye (Department of Bioengineering, graduate school at Konkuk University) ;
  • Lee, Ye-Jin (Department of biochemistry, Hoseo University) ;
  • Choi, Ok-Byung (Department of herbal medicine, Hoseo University) ;
  • Kang, Sang-Mo (Department of Bioengineering, graduate school at Konkuk University)
  • 이은혜 (건국대학교 대학원 생물공학과) ;
  • 이예진 (호서대학교 생화학과) ;
  • 최옥병 (호서대학교 본초응용과학과) ;
  • 강상모 (건국대학교 대학원 생물공학과)
  • Published : 2007.12.31

Abstract

A preliminary diet experiment utilizing Jerusalem artichoke's inulin, lotus leaf powder, nettle powder and eucalyptus powder extract indicated that combining all four elements gave the most effective result. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of combined diet for weight loss. In this study, Sprague-Dawley, male white rats about 200 g in weight was fed with high fat diet for 8 weeks in order to induce obesity followed by 4 week administration of combined diet to look into the effect of the diet. After a total of 12 weeks of feeding, factors relevant to weight, blood, and lipid metabolism by liver in the body were researched and histologic change was examined with optical microscope. In terms of weight change, both high fat diet group and regular diet group gained weight from high fat diet for 8 weeks compared to normal group. Then, for another 4 weeks, while normal group and high fat diet group kept gaining weight, combined diet group which was provided with high fat diet for 8 weeks, lost weight to the normal group level after 3 week administration of diet. However, after the 4th week of administration, the group weighted significantly less than the normal group and the efficiency of diet also significantly dropped. In the biochemical analysis of blood, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, GOT, GPT, ${\gamma}-GTP$ and creatine showed significant increase in high fat diet group and there was no significant difference between diet group and normal group except for GPT, ${\gamma}-GTP$ and creatine. In the biochemical analysis of liver, there was significant increase in LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride of high fat diet group compared to normal group, while there was no significant difference in term of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. Compared to normal group, diet group had higher HDL-cholesterol, while total cholesterol dropped significantly. There was no significant difference in terms of LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride. Besides, in high fat diet group, observation of histologic change in liver and change in ultrastructure showed volume increase of hepatic cell and severe fatty degeneration in hepatic cell around hepatic vein. However in diet group, like normal group, no pathological change was observed in terms of cytoplasm, nucleus and capillary in hepatocyte and the alignment of hepatocyte had regularity thanks to the administration of combined diet. Therefore, combined diet utilizing Jerusalem artichoke's inulin, lotus leaf powder, nettle powder and eucalyptus powder was proven to be an effective measure to prevent and improve obesity as a result of abnormal adipose deposition.

돼지감자의 이눌린, 연잎분말, 허브의 쐐기풀분말과 유칼립투스 잎의 분말 중 다이어트 예비실험에서 4가지 모두 병합 급여한 것이 가장 효과적으로 나타나 이들의 병합급여가 다이어트에 얼마나 효과적인가를 조사하였다. 200 g 전후의 Sprague-Dawley계 수컷 흰쥐를 고지방식이로 8주간 사육하여 비만을 유도한 후, 병합다이어트식이 급여로 4주간 급여하여 다이어트효과를 보았다. 총 12주 사육 후 체중, 혈액 그리고 간의 체내 지질대사와 관련된 인자들 조사하고 간의 조직학적 변화를 광학 현미경으로 보았다. Sprague-Dawley 계 수컷 흰쥐의 8주 동안의 체중 변화량은 정상군에 비교하여 고지방식이로 인하여 고지방식이군과 다이어트식이군은 증가하였고 그 후 4주 동안의 체중 변화량은 정상군과 고지방식이군은 계속 증가한데에 비해 병합다이어트식이군은 8주간 고지방식이로 유도한 후 다이어트 식이 급여 3주 후에 정상군의 체중 정도로 감소되었으며, 4주 후에는 정상군보다 체중이 유의적으로 감소하였으며 식이효율도 유의적으로 떨어졌다. 혈액의 생화학적 분석 결과에서 총 콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤, 혈당, 중성지방, GOT, GPT, ${\gamma}-GTP$과 creatine은 고지방식이군에서 유의적 증가를 나타내었고 다이어트식이군은 정상군과 비교하여 GPT, ${\gamma}-GTP$과 creatine를 제외하고 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 간장의 생화학적 분석 결과에서도 고지방식이군의 지질 함량은 정상식이군에 비하여 LDL-콜레스테롤과 중성지방은 유의적으로 증가하고, 총콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤은 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 다이어트식이군에서는 정상군과 비교하여 HDL-콜레스테롤은 증가하고 총 콜레스테롤은 유의적으로 떨어지고 LDL-콜레스테롤과 중성지방의 경우 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 또한 광학현미경을 통하여 간의 조직학적 변화와 미세구조 변화를 관찰한 결과 고지방식이군에서는 간세포들의 체적증가와 간정맥 주변부 간세포들의 심한 지방변성이 관찰되었다. 그러나 다이어트식이군은 정상군과 마찬가지로 병합식이를 통해 간 조직은 간세포에서 세포질이나 세포핵 및 동양모세혈관등에 병리학적인 변화가 관찰되지 않았으며 간세포대의 배열도 규칙적이었다. 따라서 돼지감자의 이눌린, 연잎분말, 허브의 쐐기풀분말 및 유칼립투스 잎의 분말을 사용한 병합다이어트식이 급여가 비정상적인 지방 축적으로 인한 비만을 효과적으로 예방하고 개선할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. Albert, J. S. and Thomas, A. W. (1996) Psychological aspects of sever obesity. Am. J. Clink. Nout. 55, 524-532
  2. Shin, M. K. and Han, S. H. (2006) Effects of Lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertner) leaf powder on lipid concentrations in rats fed high fat diet rats. Korean Food Culture 21, 202-208
  3. Ko, D. U. (2004) Effect of Job's tears on the Obesity range of rat. Ph.D. Thesis, Graduate School of Yongin University
  4. Ziyyat, A., Legssyer, A., Mekhfi, H., Dassouli, A., Serhrouchni, M. and Benjelloun, W. (1997) Phytotherapy of hypertension and diabetes in oriental Morocco. J. Ethnopharmacol. 58, 45-54 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(97)00077-9
  5. Hidaka, H., Eida, T., Takizawa, T., Tokunga, T. and Tashiro, T. (1980) Purification and characterization of sucrose-sucrose 1- fructosyltransferase from the root of asparagus. Agric. Biochem. 44, 603-614
  6. Pyoral, K., Laakso, M. and Uusitupa, M. (1987) Diabetes and andatherosclerosisb an epidemiological view. Diabetes Metab. Rev. 3, 463-524 https://doi.org/10.1002/dmr.5610030206
  7. Fiordaliso, M., Kok. N., Desager, J. P., Goethals, F., Deboyser, D., Marcel, R. and Nathalie, D. (1995) Dietary oligofructose lowers triglycrides phospholipids and cholesterol in serum and very low density lipoproteins of rats. Lipids. 30, 163-167 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02538270
  8. Shin, H. K. (1998) Development of new functional materials from inulin of chicory and jerualem artichoke. Ministry of Science & Technology. 41-57
  9. Margret, W. (1999) Phyto therapie. Urban & Fischer. pp. 324-326
  10. Kim, S. B,, Rho, S. B., Rhyu, D. Y. and Kim, D. W. (2005) Effect of Nelumbo nucifera leaves on hyperlipidemic and atherosclerotic bio F1B hamster. Korean J. Pharmacogn. 36, 229-234
  11. Bijan, F., Ahmadvand, D., Vardasbi, S., Majin, F. J. and Khaghani, S. H. (2003) Induction of Urtica dioica leave extract in perifused Islets of Langerhans and its in vivo effects in normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 89, 47-53 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00220-4
  12. Glucan, A., Esra, K., Abdullah, E., Erdem, Y., and Ismail, K. (2001) An tihypercholesterolaemic and antioxidant activity assessment of some plants used as remedy in Turkish folk medicine. J. Ethnopharmacol. 107, 418-423 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.032
  13. Pahlow, M. (2005) Das grosse buch der Heilpflanzen. GU (Grafe und Unzer). pp. 373-375
  14. Fujiwara, R., Komori, T., Noda, Y., Kuraoka, T., Shibata, H., Shizuya, K., Miyahara, S., Ohmori, M., Nomura, J. and Yokoyama, M. M. (1998) Effects of a longterm inhalation of fragrances on the stress-indued immunsuppression in mice. Neuro-immunomodulation. 5, 318-322 https://doi.org/10.1159/000026351
  15. Kim, J. H. (2003) Formulation of oral preparation for poorly soluble silymarin with improved bioavailability. Ph.D. Thesis, Graduate School of Chungang University
  16. Lee, J. K. (2002) A study on effect of mentha arvensis Linne var. piperascens malinvaud, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, Ganoderma lucidum Fr. Karst, and Coriolus versicolor water extract on the growth of latic acid bacteria. Ph.D. Thesis, Graduate School of Dongguk University
  17. Suk, J. H., Kim, M. K., Ju, J. W., Han, J. S. and Park, J. H. (2006) The effect of green tea polyphenol on plasma glucose, lipid levels and antioxidant systems in type 2 diabetic patients. Korean Diabetes Association. 30, 217-225 https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.3.217
  18. Yoon, K. H. (2004) A study of effects of $\beta$-glucan and the stress-induced damage in Vivo. Ph.D. Thesis, Graduate School of Konkuk University
  19. SAS. (1987) 'SAS series package, SAS Institute Inc., Cary
  20. Kim, M. H., Jang, S. Y. and Lee, Y. S. (2006) Effect of dietary fat and genistein on the metabolism and antioxidant activity in hyperlipidemic male rats induced high fat diet. The Korean Nutrition society. 39, 100-108
  21. Shon, D. H., Kim, Y. C., Oh, E. J., Park, X. L. and Lee, B. H. (2003) Hapatoprotective and free radical scavenging effects of Nelumbo nucifera. Phytomedicine. 10, 165-169 https://doi.org/10.1078/094471103321659889
  22. Hwang, E. S. (2006) Screening of oriental medicine extracts on radical scavenging effect and antibacterial activity against the pathogens of periodontal disease and bioactive flavone from Nelumbo nucifera Leaves. Ph.D. Thesis, Graduate school of Soonchunhyang university
  23. Park, S. Y. (2006) A Study on the biological activity and comsumption of Lotus Root(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn). Ph.D. Thesis, Graduate school of Chosun University
  24. Lee, I. K., Yun, B. S., Kim, J. P., Chung, S. H., Shin, G. S. and Yoo, I. D. (1998) Anti-oxidative compounds isolated from the stem bark of eucalyptus globulus. Kor. J. Pharmacogn. 29, 163-168
  25. Lee, J. S., Yeom, T. R. and Shin, H. K. (1998) Effects of jerusalem artichoke and chicory on lipid metabolism in rats. The Korean Nutrition Society. 31, 13-20
  26. Kang, Y. J. (2006) Effect of dried powders and juice powders of garlic flesh on body weight and lipid metabolism in induced obese 9-month-old rats. Ph.D. Thesis, Graduate School of Ewha Womans University
  27. Kim, E. S. and Kim, M. Y. (1999) Effets of dried leaf powders and etanol extracts of persimmon, greentea and pine neddle on lipid metabolism and antioxidative capacity in rats. Korean J Nutrition. 32, 337-352
  28. Kok, N., Roberfroid, M., Robe, A. and Elzenne, N. (1996) Involvement of lipogenesis in the lower VLDL secretion induced by oligofructose in rats. Br. J. Nutr. 76, 881-890 https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19960094
  29. Levrat, M. A., Remesy, C. and Demigne, C. (1991) High propionic acid fermentations and mineral accumulation in the cecum of rats adapted to different levels of inulin. J. Nutr. 121, 1730-1737 https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/121.11.1730
  30. Lee, E. Y., Kim, Y. Y., Jang, K. H., Kang, S. A. and Choue, R. W. (2004) The effect of inulin supple-mentation on blood lipid levels, and fecal excretion of bile acid and neutral sterol in Korean postmenopausal woman. The Korean Nutrition Society. 37, 352-363
  31. Davison, M. H., Maki, K. C., Synecki, C., Tomi, S. A. and Drennan, K. B. (1998) Effects of dietary inulin on serum lipids in men and woment with hypercholesterolemia. Nutr. Res. 18, 503-517 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(98)00038-4
  32. Jackson, K. G., Taylor, G. R., Clohessy, A. M. and Williams, C. M. (1999) The effect of the daily intake of inulin on fasting lipid, insulin and glucose concentrations in middle-aged men and women. Br. J. Nutr. 82, 23-30 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114599001087
  33. Petlevski, R., Hadzija, M., Slijepcevic, M. and Juretic, D. (2001) Effect of 'antidiabetis' herbal preparation on serum glucose and fructosamine in NOD mice. J. Ethnopharmacology. 75, 181-184 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00177-5
  34. Constantine, F., Daher Karmen, G. and George, M. (2006) Effect of Urtica dioica extract intake upon blood lipid profile in the rats. Fitoterapia. 77, 183-188 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2006.01.010
  35. Mun, J. H. (2004) The risk factors of Metabolic syndrome and the association between Metabolic syndrome and $\gamma$-GPT. Ph.D. Thesis, Graduate School of Chungang University
  36. Delzenne, N. and Kok, N. (1997) Effect of non-digestible fermentable carbohydrates on blood lipids and gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy females. Br. J. Nutr. 78, 215-222 https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19970141
  37. Lee, H. K. (2005) Effect of Chungkukjang intake on lipid metabolism and immunity in obese rats. Ph.D. Thesis, Graduate School of Yongin University
  38. Jeong, B. U. (2002) Effects of Prunellae Herba extract on obesity and lipid metabolism in high fat diet rats. Ph.D. Thesis, Graduate School of Dongguk University