Gait Analysis on Unexpected Missing Foot Steps

헛디딤 보행특성 분석

  • 황선홍 (연세대학교 대학원 의공학부) ;
  • 류기홍 (연세대학교 대학원 의공학부) ;
  • 금영광 (연세대학교 대학원 의공학부) ;
  • 김영호 (연세대학교 의공학부, 의료공학연구원)
  • Published : 2007.01.01

Abstract

In the present study, three-dimensional motion analyses were performed to determine biomechanics of the lower extremity in unexpected missing foot steps for ten healthy young volunteers. In unexpected missing foot steps, the whole plantar surface of the foot or the heel contacted to the ground. A rapid ankle dorsiflexion was found right after missing foot steps and an increased plantarflexion moment was noted during loading response. After the unexpected situation, the breaking force increased rapidly. At this time, both tibialis anterior and soleus were simultaneously activated. Moreover, the range of motion at ankle, knee and hip significantly decreased during stance. In pre-swing, rectus femoris and biceps femoris prevented the collapse of the lower limbs. During late stance, propulsive forces decreased and thus, both plantarflexion moment and power generation were significantly reduced. On the opposite side, hip extension and pelvic upward motion during terminal swing were significant. Due to the shortened pre-swing, the energy generation at the ankle to push sufficiently off the ground was greatly reduced. This preliminary study would be helpful to understand the biomechanics of unexpected dynamic perturbations and valuable to prevent frequent falling of the elderly and patients with gait disorders.

Keywords

References

  1. Kauffman, T. L., 'Geriatric Rehabilitation Manual,' Churchill Livingstone, 1999
  2. Tideiksaar, R., 'Falling in Old Age: Its Prevention and Treatment,' Springer, 1987
  3. Shumway-Cook, A. and Woollacott, M. H., 'Motor Control: Theory and Practical Applications, Baltimore,' Lippincott Willams & Wilkins, 2001
  4. Nashner, L. and McCollum, G., 'The Organization of Human Postural Movements: A Formal Basis and Experimental Synthesis,' Behav, Brain Sci., Vol. 8, pp. 135-172, 1985 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00020008
  5. Winter, D. A., 'Anatomy, Biomechanics and Control of Balance During Standing and Walking,' Waterloo Biomechanics Inc., 1995
  6. Horak, F. B., 'Clinical Assessment of Balance Disorder,' Gait and Posture, Vol. 6, pp. 76-84, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(97)00018-0
  7. Hughes, M. A., 'Posture Responses to Platform Perturbation: Kinematics and Electromyography,' Clinical Biomechanics, Vol. 10, pp. 318-322, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1016/0268-0033(94)00001-N
  8. Pai, Y. C., 'Static versus Dynamic Predictions of Protective Stepping Following Waist-Pull Perturbations in Young and Older Adults,' J. Biomechanics, Vol. 31, pp. 1111-1118, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(98)00124-9
  9. Tae, K. S. and Kim, Y. H, 'Balance Recovery Mechanisms Against Anterior Perturbation during Standing,' J. Biomedical Eng. Res., Vol. 24, pp. 435-442, 2003
  10. You, J. Y., 'Effect of Slip on Movement of Body Center of Mass Relative to Base of Support,' Clinical Biomechanics, Vol. 16, pp. 167-173, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-0033(00)00076-0
  11. Cham, R. and Redfern, M. S., 'Lower Extremity Corrective Reactions to Slip Event,' J. Biomechanics, Vol. 34, pp. 1439-1445, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(01)00116-6
  12. Ferber, R., 'Reactive Balance Adjustments to Unexpected Perturbations During Human Walking,' Gait and Posture, Vol. 16, pp. 238-248, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(02)00010-3
  13. Ferber, R., 'Gait Perturbation Response in Chronic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency and Repair,' Clinical Biomechanics, Vol. 18, pp. 132-141, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-0033(02)00182-1
  14. Bhatt, T., 'Influence of Gait Speed on Stability: Recovery from Anterior Slip and Compensatory Stepping,' Gait and Posture, In Press, 2004
  15. Cordero, A. F., 'Multiple-Step Strategies to Recover from Stumbling Perturbations,' Gait and Posture, Vol. 18, pp. 47-59, 2003
  16. Hof, A. L., 'On the Interpretation of the Support Moment,' Gait and Posture, Vol. 12, pp. 196-199, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(00)00084-9