DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Estimation of Air Concentrations of PCBs using Passive Air Samplers (PAS) and a Gas/particle Partition Model

Passive Air Sampler (PAS)와 기체/입자 분배모델을 이용한 대기 중 PCB 농도 산정

  • Baek, Song-Yee (School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)) ;
  • Choi, Sung-Deuk (Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough) ;
  • Chang, Yoon-Seok (School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH))
  • 백송이 (포항공과대학교 환경공학부) ;
  • 최성득 (토론토대학교 물리.환경과학과) ;
  • 장윤석 (포항공과대학교 환경공학부)
  • Published : 2007.12.31

Abstract

Polyurethane foam-disk passive air samplers (PAS) were deployed in a southern area of Korea for three months. The target compounds were 12 coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The congener profiles measured in this study were the same as those in ambient air and emission gas from the incinerator. A gradient of the total PCBs in different regions (industrial>residential>rural) was observed, suggesting the industrial complex may be an important source of coplanar PCBs. In general, only gas-phase compounds are mainly sequestrated by PAS. In order to estimate the concentration of particle-phase PCBs, a gas/particle partition model was used. A combined result (gas+particle-phase PCBs) was compared with previous results, indicating that the level of coplanar PCBs in our study area is comparable to those in other urban sites in the world. The validation of this method for estimating the total concentration is required through additional backup studies.

Keywords

References

  1. 김선규, 임봉빈, 정의석, 김선태(2006) 대기 중 이산화질소의 단기 측정을 위한 뱃지형 passive sampler의 개발 및 평가, 한국대기환경학회지, 22(1), 117-126
  2. 임봉빈, 정의석, 김선태(2004) 형광물질을 이용한 대기 중 오존 passive sampler의 개발, 한국대기환경학회지, 20(4), 483-491
  3. 최성득, 장윤석(2005) Passive air sampler를 이용한 잔류성 유기오염물질의 대기 모니터링, 한국대기환경학회지, 21(5), 481-494
  4. 최성득, 백송이, 장윤석, 윤영준, 박병권, 홍성민(2007) 남극 세종기지에서의 대기 중 PCB 장기 모니터링, Ocean and Polar Research, In press
  5. Choi, S.-D., S.-Y. Baek, and Y.-S. Chang (2007a) Influence of a large steel complex on the spatial distribution (PAHs) determined by passive air sampling using membrane-enclosed copolymer (MECOP), Atmospheric Environment, 41, 6255-6264 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.03.058
  6. Choi, S.-D., S.-Y. Baek, and Y.-S. Chang (2007b) Atmospheric levels and distribution of PCBs and PBDEs in the vicinity of an iron and steel marking plant, Atmospheric Environment, In press
  7. Cleverly, D., J. Ferrario, C. Byrne, K. Riggs, D. Joseph, and P. Hartford (2007) A general indication of the contemporary background levels of PCDDs, PCDFs, and coplanar PCBs in the ambient air over rural and remote areas of the United States, Environmental Science and Technology, 41, 1537-1544 https://doi.org/10.1021/es0616736
  8. Cotham, W.E. and T.F. Bidleman (1995) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in air at an urban and a rural site near Lake Michigan, Environmental Science and Technology, 29, 2782- 2789 https://doi.org/10.1021/es00011a013
  9. Falconer, R.L. and T.F. Bidleman (1994) Vapor pressures and predicted particle/gas distributions of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners as functions of temperature and ortho-chlorine substitution, Atmospheric Environment, 28, 547-554 https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)90130-9
  10. Finzio, A., D. Mackay, T. Bidleman, and T. Harner (1997) Octanol-air partition coefficient as a predictor of partitioning of semi-volatile organic chemicals to aerosols, Atmospheric Environment, 31, 2289- 2296 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00013-7
  11. Gouin, T., T. Harner, P. Blanchard, and D. Mackay (2005) Passive and active air samplers as complementary methods for investing persistent organic pollutants in the Great Lakes Basin, Environmental Science and Technology, 39, 9115-9122 https://doi.org/10.1021/es051397f
  12. Harner, T. (1998) Polychlorinated naphthalenes and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls in arctic air, Environmental Science and Technology, 32, 3257-3265 https://doi.org/10.1021/es9803106
  13. Harner, T. and T.F. Bidleman (1998) Octanol-air partition coefficient for describing particle/gas partitioning of aromatic compounds in urban air, Environmental Science and Technology, 32, 1494-1502 https://doi.org/10.1021/es970890r
  14. Harner, T., M. Shoeib, M. Diamond, G. Stern, and B. Rosenberg (2004) Using passive air samplers to assess urban-rural trends for persistent organic pollutants. 1. polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides, Environmental Science and Technology, 38, 4474-4483 https://doi.org/10.1021/es040302r
  15. Harner, T., M. Shoeib, T. Gouin, and P. Blanchard (2006) Polychlorinated naphthalenes in Great Lakes air: Assessing spatial trends and combustion inputs using PUF disk passive air samplers, Environmental Science and Technology, 40, 5333-5339 https://doi.org/10.1021/es060872m
  16. Helm, P.A. and T.F. Bidleman (2003) Current combustionrelated sources contribute to polychlorinated naphthalene and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl levels and profiles in air in Toronto, Canada, Environmental Science and Technology, 37, 1075-1082 https://doi.org/10.1021/es020860a
  17. Jaward, F.M., N.J. Farrar, T. Harner, A.J. Sweetman, and K.C. Jones (2004) Passive air sampling of PCBs, PBDEs, and organochlorine pesticides across Europe, Environmental Science and Technology, 38, 34-41 https://doi.org/10.1021/es034705n
  18. Kim, S.-T. and H.S. Kim (2002) The nationwide NO2 monitoring with passive sampler in Korea, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 18(E2), 69-77
  19. Lohmann, R., R.G.M. Lee, N.J.L. Green, and K.C. Jones (2000) Gas-particle partitioning of PCD/Fs in daily air samples, Atmospheric Environment, 34, 2529- 2537 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00515-4
  20. Lohmann, R. and G. Lammel (2004) Adsorptive and absorptive contributions to the gas-particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: state of knowledge and recommended parameterization for modeling, Environmental Science and Technology, 38, 3793-3803 https://doi.org/10.1021/es035337q
  21. Lopez Garcia, A., A.C. Den Boer, and A.P.J.M. De Jong (1996) Determination of non- and mono-ortho-polychlorinated biphenyls in background ambient air, Environmental Science and Technology, 30, 1032- 1037 https://doi.org/10.1021/es9505199
  22. Min, Y.K., D.G. Kim, Y.K. Lee, J.Y. Jeong, J.S. Kim, I.K. Lee, Y.H. Jung, G.H. Kim, J.Y. Kim, and C.S. Son (2004) Ambient air monitoring of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Organohalogen Compounds, 64, 2133-2137
  23. Pankow, J.F. (1987) Review and comparative analysis of the theories on partitioning between the gas and aerosol particulate phase in the atmosphere, Atmospheric Environment, 21, 2275-2283 https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(87)90363-5
  24. Pozo, K., T. Harner, M. Shoeib, R. Urrutia, R. Barra, O. Parra, and S. Focardi (2004) Passive-sampler derived air concentrations of persistent organic pollutants on a North-South transect in Chile, Environmental Science and Technology, 38, 6529-6537 https://doi.org/10.1021/es049065i
  25. Pozo, K., T. Harner, F. Wania, D.C.G. Muir, K.C. Jones, and L.A. Barrie (2006) Toward a global network for persistent organic pollutants in air: Results from the GAPS study, Environmental Science and Technology, 40, 4867-4873 https://doi.org/10.1021/es060447t
  26. Shoeib, M. and T. Harner (2002) Characterization and comparison of three passive air samplers for persistent organic pollutants. Environmental Science and Technology, 36, 4142-4151 https://doi.org/10.1021/es020635t
  27. Tuduri, L., T. Harner, and H. Hung (2006) Polyurethane foam (PUF) disks passive air samplers: Wind effect on sampling rates, Environmental Pollution, 144, 377- 383 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.12.047
  28. Wania, F. and D. Mackay (1996) Tracking the distribution of persistent organic pollutants, Environmental Science and Technology, 30, 390A-397A https://doi.org/10.1021/es962399q
  29. Xiao, H. and F. Wania (2003) Is vapor pressure or the octanol- air partition coefficient a better descriptor of the partitioning between gas phase and organic matter?, Atmospheric Environment, 37, 2867-2878 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00213-9
  30. Yim, B. and S. Kim (2006) Evaluation of an ammonia passive sampler using chamber system, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 22(E1), 1-8

Cited by

  1. Passive air sampling of persistent organic pollutants in Korea vol.1, pp.2, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03216467
  2. Calculation Method for the Concentration of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Collected by Passive Air Samplers vol.29, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2013.29.2.217