Korean Journal of Environmental Biology (환경생물)

Korean Society of Environmental Biology (한국환경생물학회)
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Changes of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities after a Small Dam Removal from the Gyeongan Stream in Gyeonggi-do, Korea

경기도 경안천에서 소형 보(洑)의 철거 이후에 변화된 저서성 대형무척추동물 군집

  • Published : 2007.11.30
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Abstract

Benthic macroinvertebrate communities were studied after a small dam removal from the mid-section of the Gyeongan stream in Gyeonggi-do, Korea. Quantitative sampling was conducted at immediately upstream (upper) and downstream (lower) sites from the dam as well as at the site where the dam was located (dam site: middle) using a Surber sampler (50$\times$50 cm, mesh 0.25 mm), four times (November 2004, May 2005, January 2006, and May 2006) after the dam removal. As a result, 46 species of benthic macroinvertebtates, belonged in 35 genera, 27 families, 11 orders, 5 classes, and 4 phyla, were sampled from the stream sites, but the number of species that occurred at each sampling trial was different (ranged 3$\sim$17 spp.) according to the seasons and sites. Approximately one year after the dam removal, the species number has in-creased and taxa composition has changed as the microhabitat became more heterogeneously due to a riffle formation in the upstream site. Chironomid larvae and tubificid worms, which are common in Korean urban streams, were the dominant species, while Hydropsyche kozhantschikovi was the 2nd dominant species at some sampling trials. In general, McNaughton's dominance indices decreased and Shannon species diversity indices increased approximately one year after the dam removal. Compositions of collector-filterers, clingers, and swimmers increased as hydropsychid caddisflies, heptageniid mayflies, and baetid mayflies increased, respectively, in the upstream site. The group pollution index and the ecological score using benthic macroinvertebrates both indicated that water environment has been improved in the upstream site after the dam removal.

본 조사에서는 경기도 경안천의 중류에 위치한 소형보를 철거한 이후에 변화된 저서성 대형무척추동물의 군집을 조사하였다. 조사는 보가 있었던 지점의 상류와 하류, 그리고 중류 (보의 자리)에서 보의 철거 후 4회 (2004년 11월, 2005년 5월, 2006년 1월, 그리고 2006년 5월)에 걸쳐 Surber sampler (50$\times$50 cm, 망목 0.25 mm)로 정량채집을 하였다. 조사의 결과, 조사지역에서는 총 4문 5강 11목 27과 35속 46종의 저서성 대형무척추동물이 출현하였으나, 조사시기별 출현종수는 지점당 3$\sim$17종으로 차이가 컸다. 상류지점은 보의 철거 1년 이후부터 점차 여울이 형성되고, 하상물질이 다양화 되는 등 서식환경이 바뀌자 종수가 점차 증가하였고, 분류군의 조성도 점차 다양하게 바뀌었다. 우점종은 대부분 오염에 내성이 강해 도시하천에 풍부한 깔따구류(Chironomidae sp.)와 실지렁이류(Tubificidae sp.)였고, 일부 지점에서 줄날도래(H. kozhantschikovi)가 제2우점종으로 나타났다. 보의 철거 약 1년후부터 우점도지수는 낮아지고, 종다양도지수는 높아지는 경향을 나타냈다. 상류 지점에 여울이 형성되면서 줄날도래류(Hydropsychidae spp.)가 증가하자 collector-filterers의 비율이 증가하였고, 납작하루살이류 (Heptageniidae spp.) 등의 clingers, 꼬마하루살이류 (Baetidae spp.)등의 swimmers의 비율 또한 상대적으로 증가하였다. 저서성 대형무척추동물에 의한 수환경 등급을 나타내는 군오염지수(GPI)와 수환경평가지수(ESB) 모두 보의 철거 이후 상류지점에서 수환경의 개선효과를 가져온 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

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