Korean Journal of Microbiology (미생물학회지)

The Microbiological Society of Korea (한국미생물학회)
권호 표지

Screening for Ginseng-Fermenting Microorganisms Capable of Biotransforming Ginsenosides

Ginsenoside 전환이 가능한 인삼 발효 미생물의 선별

  • Kim, Hee-Gyu (Department of Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Kim, Ki-Yeon (Department of Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Cha, Chang-Jun (Department of Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University)
  • 김희규 (중앙대학교 산업과학대학 생명공학과) ;
  • 김기연 (중앙대학교 산업과학대학 생명공학과) ;
  • 차창준 (중앙대학교 산업과학대학 생명공학과)
  • Published : 2007.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Panax ginseng has been drawing world-wide attention since it was used for medicinal purposes and its effects was discovered in scientific manners. However, it is necessary to develope new ginseng products as functional foods to compete with western ginseng. Fermented ginseng could be an excellent solution, where useful probiotics are provided and ginsenosides are specifically transformed to functional forms. In this study, we investigated the growth and ginsenoside biotransformation by 21 Bacillus strains isolated from Chongkukjang and 12 lactic acid bacteria. 2.5% (w/v) and 1% (w/v) of ginseng were used in culture media containing only ginseng powder as a sole nutrient source, and their biotransformation abilities were tested after the growths were checked. All used Bacillus strains and lactic acid bacteria were able to grow well in ginseng powder media at higher levels than $10^{7}\;CFU/ml$. Most of Bacillus strains displayed ginsenoside transformation in a strain-specific manner. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrated that the strains tested in this study could be used as potential starters for the ginseng fermentation.

오래전부터 약재로서 이용되어온 인삼(Panax ginseng)은 그 효능이 과학적으로 밝혀지면서 세계적으로 관심의 대상이 되고 있다. 그러나, 서양삼에 비해 점차 뒤처지고 있는 우리나라의 인삼산업의 경쟁력 확보를 위해 기능성 식품으로서의 인삼개발이 필요한 실정이다. 발효인삼은 유용한 미생물을 probiotic으로서 공급할 수 있을 뿐 아니라, 미생물에 의해 인삼의 ginsenoside 성분이 특이적으로 전환되어 기능적으로 우수한 제품이 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 인삼분말만을 영양분으로 한 액체 배지에서 청국장에서 분리된 Bacillus 균주와 유산균의 생장능 및 인삼의 주요 ginsenoside의 전환능력을 알아보았다. 인삼 2.5% (w/v), 1% (w/v)의 인삼분말만을 영양분으로 한 액체배지에서 생장능과 발효 후 ginsenoside의 전환 여부를 확인하였다. 사용한 Bacillus 균주와 유산균 모두 인삼배지에서 $10^{7}\;CFU/ml$을 초과하는 생장능을 보였고, Bacillmus의 경우 ginsenoside $Rg_{1},\;Rb_{1},\;Rb_{2},\;Rc,\;Rd$간에 각 균주마다 특이적인 ginsenoside 전환 반응을 보였다. 따라서, 이 균주들은 발효인삼의 제조를 위한 접종균주로서 이용이 가능하리라 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bae, E.-A., N.-Y. Kim, M.J. Han, M.-K. Choo, and D.-H. Kim.2003. Transformation of ginsenosides to compounds K (IH-901) by lactic acid bacteria of human intestine. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 13, 9-14
  2. Chi, H., D.-H. Kim, and G.-E. Ji. 2003. Transformation of ginsenosides Rb2 and Rc from Panax ginseng by food microorganisms. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 28, 2102-2105 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.28.2102
  3. Chi, H. and G.-E. Ji. 2005. Transformation of ginsenosides Rb1 and Re from Panax ginseng by food microorganisms. Biotechnol. Lett. 27, 765-771 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-005-5632-y
  4. Im, B.O., S.K. Ko, H.B. Jeong, and Y.D. Kim. 2005. Marketing strategy of ginseng product used tree analysis in domestic market. Food Marketing Research 22, 19-43
  5. Jeong, H.B., S.H. Park, S.K. Ko, S.H. Cho, and B.O. Im. 2005. Actual consumption conditions and consumer perception of ginseng in the major countries. J. Ginseng Res. 29, 152-158 https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2005.29.3.152
  6. Kelly, C.T., F. O'Reilly, and W.M. Fogarty. 1983. Extracellular $alpha$-glucosidase of an alkalophilic microorganism, Bacillus sp. ATCC 21591. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 20, 55-59
  7. Kim, M.K., J.W. Lee, K.Y. Lee, and D.-C. Yang. 2005. Microbial conversion of major ginsenoside Rb1 to pharmaceutically active minor ginsenoside Rd. J. Microbiol. 43, 456-462
  8. Kim, S.W., H.Y. Kwon, D.W. Chi, J.H. Shim, J.D. Park, Y.H. Lee, S.E. Pyo, and D.K. Rhee. 2002. Reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance by ginsenoside Rg3. Biochem. Pharmacol. 65, 75-82 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(02)01446-6
  9. Liu, W.K., S.X. Xu, and C.T. Che. 2000. Anti-proliferative effect of ginseng saponins on human prostate cancer cell line. Life Sciences 67, 1297-1306 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(00)00720-7
  10. Luan, H.W., X. Liu, X.H. Qi, Y. Hu, D.C. Hao, Y. Cui, and L. Yang, 2006. Purification and characterization of a novel stable ginsenoside Rb1-hydrolyzing $beta$-D-glucosidase from China white jade snail. Proc. Biochem. 41, 1974-1980
  11. Pajni, S., N. Dhillon, D.V. Vadehra, and P. Sharma. 1989. Carboxymethyl cellulase, $beta$-glucosidase and xylanase production by Bacillus isolates from soil. Int. Biodeterior. 25, 1-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0265-3036(89)90022-5
  12. Rowe, G.E. and A. Margaritis. 2004. Enzyme kinetic properties of $alpha$-1,4-glucosidase in Bacillus thuringiensis. Biochem. Engin. J. 17, 121-128 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-703X(03)00147-5
  13. Sanata, S., N. Kondo, J. Shoji, O. Tanaka, and S. Shibata. 1974. Studies on the saponins of ginseng. I. Structure of ginsenoside-R0, Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 22, 421-428 https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.22.421
  14. Shibata, S., T. Tanaka, T. Ando, M. Sado, S. Tsushima, and T. Ohsawa. 1966. Chemical studies on oriental plant drugs (XIV). Protopanaxadiol, a genuine sapogenin of ginseng saponins. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 14, 595-600 https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.14.595
  15. Zhang, C., H. Yu, Y. Bao, L. An, and F. Jin. 2002. Purification and characterization of ginsenoside-$alpha$-arabinofuranase hydrolyzing ginsenoside Rc into Rd from the fresh root of Panax ginseng. Process Biochem. 37, 793-798 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(01)00275-8