Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea (대한화장품학회지)

Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea (대한화장품학회)
권호 표지

The Study on the Whitening Effects and Antioxidant Activity of Various Citrus Fruits

감귤 추출물의 미백효능 및 항산화 효능에 관한 연구

  • 김한성 ((주)아모레퍼시픽 기술연구원) ;
  • 이찬우 ((주)아모레퍼시픽 기술연구원) ;
  • 김덕희 ((주)아모레퍼시픽 기술연구원) ;
  • 김기옥 (제주하이테크산업진흥원) ;
  • 김세재 (제주대학교 TIC) ;
  • 장이섭 ((주)아모레퍼시픽 기술연구원)
  • Published : 2007.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We examined the depigmentation effect on Korean traditional citrus 17 species. With B16 melanoma cells, we have seen inhibition of the tyrosinase and melanin formation, which eventually were dose dependently decreased by three citrus fruits, immature Citrus unshiu, Citrus hassaku, and Citrus sinensis ${\times}$ reticulata as compared with positive control. Also, we examined expression of tyrosinase, DOPAchrome tautomerase (TRP-2), and DHICA oxidase (TRP-1) which affect melanin synthesis. Especially, immature Citrus unshiu decreased the protein levels of tyrosinase and TRP-1. In conclusion, immature Citrus unshue showed the strongest activity in all the experiments mentioned above and we expect that it can be used for preventing UV-induced pigmentation.

본 연구에서는 제주도 자생 감귤 17종에 대하여 탈색소효과(depigment effect)를 연구하였다. B16 멜라닌 생성세포(B16 melanoma cell)를 이용하여 tyrosinase 및 멜라닌 생성억제 효과를 연구한 결과 대조군 대비하여 농도 의존적으로 감소하는 3종의 미성숙 온주밀감(immature Citrus unshue), 팔삭(Citrus hassaku), 진지향(Citrus sinensis ${\times}$ reticulata)을 도출하였다. 또한, 이와 같이 도출된 감귤 추출물을 이용하여 멜라닌 세포 생성(melanogenesis)에 영향을 미치는 tyrosinase, DOPAchrome tautomerase (TRP-2)와 DHICA oxidase (TRP-1) 단백질 발현을 실험한 결과 tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 단백질 발현이 감소함을 나타내었다. 특히 이들 중 미성숙 온주밀감은 tyrosinase와 TRP-1 단백질 발현에서 유의적으로 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 본 연구 결과로써 미성숙 온주밀감은 모든 실험에서 우수한 효과를 나타내어 UV에 의해서 야기되는 피부 색소 침착을 방지할 수 있는 물질로서 기대할 수 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. A. J. Kanwar, S. Dhar, and S. Kaur, Treatment of melasma with potent topical corticosteroids, Dermatology, 188, 170 (1994) https://doi.org/10.1159/000247129
  2. V. del Marmol and F. Beermann, Tyrosinase and related proteins in mammalian pigmentation, FEBS Lett., 381, 165 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(96)00109-3
  3. V. J. Hearing, and M. Jimenez, Mammalian tyrosinase-the critical regulatory control point in melanocyte pigmentation, Int. J. Biochem., 19, 1141 (1987) https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-711X(87)90095-4
  4. K. Yokoyama, K. Yasumoto, H. Suzuki, and S. Shibahara, Cloning of the human DOPAchrome tautomerase/tyrosinase-related protein 2 gene and identification of two regulatory regions required for its pigment cell-specific expression, J. Biol. Chem., 269, 27080 (1994)
  5. T. Kobayashi, K. Urabe, A. Winder, C. Jimenez-Cervantes, G. Imokawa, T. Brewington, F. Solano, J. C. Garcia-Borron, and V. J. Hearing, Tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP1) functions as a DHICA oxidase in melanin biosynthesis, EMBO J. 13, 5818 (1994)
  6. M. Seiberg, C. Paine, E. Sharlow, P. Andrade-Gordon, M. Costanzo, M. Eisinger, and S. S. Shapiro, Inhibition of melanosome transfer results in skin lightening, J. Inv. Dermatology., 115, 162 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00035.x
  7. A. L. Kadekaro, H. Kanto, R. Kavanagh, and Z. A. Abdel-Malek, Significance of the melanocortin 1 receptor in regulating human melanocyte pigmentation, proliferation, and survival, Annals of the New York Academy of Sci., 994, 359 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb03200.x
  8. H. Yasui and H. Sakurai, Age-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species in the skin of live hairless rats exposed to UVA light, Experimental Dermatology, 12, 655 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0625.2003.00033.x
  9. J. Yamakoshi, F. Otsuka, A. Sano, S. Tokutake, M. Saito, M. Kikuchi, and Y. Kubota, Lightening effect on ultraviolet-induced pigmentation of guinea pig skin by oral administration of a proanthocyanidinrich extract from grape seeds, Pigment Cell Research, 16, 629 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1600-0749.2003.00093.x
  10. W. Ma, M. Wlaschek, I. Tantcheva-Poor, L. A. Schneider, L. Naderi, Z. Razi-Wolf, J. Schuller, and K. Scharffetter- Kochanek, Chronological ageing and photoageing of the fibroblasts and the dermal connective tissue, Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, 26, 592 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.2001.00905.x
  11. A, Murakami, Y. Nakamura, Y. Ohto, M. Yano, T. Koshiba, K. Koshimizu, H. Tokuda, H. Nishino, and H. Ohigashi, Suppressive effects of citrus fruits on free radical generation and nobiletin, an anti-inflammatory polymethoxyflavonoid, Biofactors, 12, 187 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.5520120130
  12. S. Y. Seo, V. K. Sharma, and N. Sharma, Mushroom tyrosinase: recent prospects, J. Agric. Food Chem, 51, 2837 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020826f
  13. E. Karg, G. Odh, A. Wittbjer, E. Rosengren, and H. Rorsman, Hydrogen peroxide as an inducer of elevated tyrosinase level in melanoma cells, J. Investigative Dermatology, 100, 209 (1993) https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12465218
  14. A. Korner and J. Pawelek, Mammalian tyrosinase catalyzes three reactions in the biosynthesis of melanin, Sci., 217, 1163 (1982) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6810464
  15. T. Kuzumaki, A. Matsuda, K. Wakamatsu, S. Ito, and K. Ishikawa, Eumelanin biosynthesis is regulated by coordinate expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 genes. Experimental cell research, 207, 33 (1993) https://doi.org/10.1006/excr.1993.1159
  16. R. Busca and R. Ballotti, Cyclic AMP a key messenger in the regulation of skin pigmentation, Pigment Cell Research, 13, 60 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0749.2000.130203.x
  17. E. V. Curto, C. Kwong, H. Hermersdorfer, H. Glatt, C. Santis, V. Virador, V. J. Hearing, and T. P. Dooley, Inhibitors of mammalian melanocyte tyrosinase: in vitro comparisons of alkyl esters of gentisic acid with other putative inhibitors, Biochemical Pharmacology, 57, 663 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(98)00340-2
  18. R. G. Christine, A. Edith, and B. Robert, NO Produced by Ultraviolrt-irradiated keratinocytes Stimulates Melanogenesis, J. Clin. Invest., 99, 635 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI119206
  19. G. E. Hoganson, F. Ledwitz-Rigby, R. L. Davidson, and B. B. Fuller, Regulation of tyrosinase mRNA levels in mouse melanoma cell clones by melanocyte-stimulating hormone and cyclic AMP, Somatic cell and molecular genetics, 15, 255 (1989) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01534876
  20. J. M. Naeyaert, M. Eller, P. R. Gordon, H. Y. Park, and B. A. Gilchrest, Pigment content of cultured human melanocytes does not correlate with tyrosinase message level, The British J. Dermatology, 125, 297 (1991) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb14161.x
  21. H. Ando, A. Itoh, Y. Mishima, and M. Ichihashi, Correlation between the number of melanosomes, tyrosinase mRNA levels, and tyrosinase activity in cultured murine melanoma cells in response to various melanogenesis regulatory agents, J. cellular physiology, 163, 608 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041630322