International Journal of Oral Biology

The Korean Academy of Oral Biology (대한구강생물학회)
권호 표지

OPB, a water extract from Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch and Eleutherococcus senticosus Max, inhibits osteoclast differentiation and function

  • Kim, Jung-Keun (Department of Pharmacology and Mechanism, Research Institute, Oscotec Inc.) ;
  • Kim, Se-Won (Department of Pharmacology and Mechanism, Research Institute, Oscotec Inc.) ;
  • Kim, Hae-Young (Department of Pharmacokinetics, Research Institute, Oscotec Inc.) ;
  • Lee, Byung-Eui (Department of Herbal medicine, Research Institute, Oscotec Inc.) ;
  • Ko, Seon-Yle (Department of Pharmacology and Mechanism, Research Institute, Oscotec Inc.)
  • Published : 2007.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We performed the present study to investigate whether Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch (RG) extracts (RGX) and Eleutherococcus senticosus Max (ES) extracts (ESX) play any roles in bone metabolism. We examined cellular activities of bone cells by measurement of osteoblastic cell viability, osteoprotegerin (OPG) secretion from osteoblasts, osteoclastogenesis, and osteoclastic activity. There is no cytotoxicity from osteoblasts after treatment with RGX and ESX. The secretion of OPG from the osteoblasts showed marked increases after treatment with RGX and ESX. In addition, RGX and ESX treatment decreased the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells and the resorption areas. RGX and ESX, when mixed at optimal ratios, induced synergic effects, in vitro. OPB, which showed synergic effects, is the extract of natural ingredients RG and ES mixed at a raw material weight ratio of 4 : 1. It can be suspected that extracts of RG and ES mixtures contains active ingredients involved in bone tissue metabolism and may be effective in improving osteoporosis.

Keywords

References

  1. Awang, D.V.C.: Siberian ginseng toxicity may be a case of mistaken identity. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 155:1237, 1996
  2. Baron, R., Neff, L., Van, P.T., Nefussi, J.R. and Vignery, A.: Kinetic and cytochemical identification of osteoclast precursors and their differentiation into multinucleated osteoclasts. Am. J. Pathol. 122:363-378, 1986
  3. Ben-Hur, E. and Fulder, S.: Effect of Panax ginseng saponins and Eleutherococcus senticosus on survival of cultured mammalian cells after ionizing radiation. Am. J. Chin. Med. 9:48-56, 1981 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X8100007X
  4. Boyle, W.J., Simonet, W.S. and Lacey. D.L.: Osteoclast differentiation and activation. Nature 423:337-342, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01658
  5. Canalis, E., McCarthy, T. and Centrella, M.: Growth factors and the regulation of bone remodeling. J. Clin. Invest. 81:277-281, 1988 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI113318
  6. Canalis, E.: Effect of growth factors on bone cell replication and differentiation. Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. 193:246-263, 1985
  7. Chang, H.M. and But, P.P.H.: Pharmacology and applications of Chinese amteria medica. vol 1, edited by Yao, S.C., Wang, L.L. and Shem, C.S. p 461, 1986
  8. Chao, J.C., Chiang, S.W., Wang, C.C., Tsai, Y.H. and Wu, M.S.: Hot water-extracted Lycium barbarum and Rehmannia glutinosa inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. World J. Gastroenterol. 12:4478-4484, 2006 https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v12.i28.4478
  9. Fleisch, H.: Bisphosphonates: Mechanism of action and clinical use. in Principles of Bone biology. edited by Bilezikian, J.P., Raisz, L.G. and Rodan, G.A. pp 1037-1052, Academic Press, 1996
  10. Fujikawa, T., Yamaguchi, A., Morita, I., Takeda, H. and Nishibe, S.: Protective effects of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms from Hokkaido and its components on gastric ulcer inrestrained cold water stressed rats. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 19:1227-1230, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.19.1227
  11. Heaney, R.P.: Calcium. in Principles of Bone biology. edited by Bilezikian, J.P., Raisz, L.G. and Rodan, G.A. pp 1007-1017, Academic Press, 1996
  12. Jin, U.H., Kim, D.I., Lee, T.K., Lee, D.N., Kim, J.K., Lee, I.S. and Kim, C.H.: Herbal formulation, Yukmi-jihang-tang- Jahage, regulates bone resorption by inhibition of phosphorylation mediated by tyrosine kinase Src and cyclooxygenase expression. J. Ethnopharmacol. 106:333- 343, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.01.012
  13. Kim, S.S., Son, Y.O., Chun, J.C., Kim, S.E., Chung, G.H., Hwang, K.J. and Lee, J.C.: Antioxidant property of an active component purified from the leaves of paraquat-tolerant Rehmannia glutinosa. Redox. Rep. 10:311-318, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1179/135100005X83734
  14. Kormosh, N., Laktionov, K. and Antoshechkina, M.: Effect of a combination of extract from several plants on cellmediated and humoral immunity of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Phytother. Res. 20:424-425, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1889
  15. Kostenuik, P.J. and Shalhoub, V: Osteoprotegerin: A physiological and pharmacological inhibitor of bone resorption. Curr. Pharm. Des. 7:613-635, 2001 https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612013397807
  16. Martin, J.H. and Matthews, J.L.: Mitochondrial granules in chondrocytes, osteoblasts and osteocytes. An ultrastructural and microincineration study. Clin. Orthop. 68:273-278, 1970
  17. Minkin, C.: Bone acid phosphatase: Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase as a marker of osteoclast function. Calcif. Tissue Int. 34:285-290, 1982 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02411252
  18. Mundy, G.R. and Roodman, G.D.: Osteoclast ontogeny and function, in Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 5, edited by Peck, W.A., pp 209-279, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1987
  19. Nelson, H.D., Humphrey, L.L., Nygren, P., Teutsch, S.M. and Allan, J.D.: Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy: scientific review. JAMA 288:872-881, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.7.872
  20. Nijweide, P.J., Burger, E.H. and Feyen, J.H.M.: Cells of bone: Proliferation, differentiation, and hormonal regulation. Physiol. Rev. 66:855-886, 1986 https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1986.66.4.855
  21. Owen, M.E.: Lineage of osteogenic cells and their relationship to the stromal system. in Bone and Mineral Research, edited by Peck, W.A., pp 1-25, Elsevier Science Publisher, Amsterdam, 1985
  22. Pixley, F.J. and Stanley, E.R.: CSF-1 regulation of the wandering macrophage: Complexity in action. Trends Cell Biol. 14:628-638, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2004.09.016
  23. Raisz, L.G.: Hormonal regulation of bone growth and remodeling. in Cell and Molecular Biology of Vertebrate Hard Tissue CIBA Foundation Symposium 136, pp 226- 238, Wiley, NY, 1988
  24. Raju, B.L., Lin, S.J., Hou, W.C., Lai, Z.Y., Liu P.C. and Hsu, F.L.: Antioxidant iridoid glucosides from Wendlandia formosana, Natural Product Res. 8:357-364, 2004
  25. Recker, R.P.: Current therapy for osteoporosis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 76:14-16, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.76.1.14
  26. Reginster, J.Y.: Treatment of bone in elderly subjects: calcium, vitamin D, fluor, bisphosphonates, calcitonin. Horm. Res. 43:83-88, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1159/000184243
  27. Rodan, G.A.: Emerging therapies in osteoporosis. Ann. Rep. Med. Chem. 29:275-285, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-7743(08)60741-1
  28. Sasaki, T., Takahashi, N., Higashi, S. and Suda, T. Multinucleated cells formed on calcified dentin from mouse bone marrow cells treated with 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_{3}$ have ruffled borders and resorb dentin. Anat. Rec. 224:379- 391, 1989 https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092240307
  29. Scheven, B.A.A., Visser, J.W.M. and Nijweide, P.J.: In vitro osteoclast generation from different bone marrow fractions, including a highly enriched hematopoietic stem cell population. Nature 321:79-81, 1986 https://doi.org/10.1038/321079a0
  30. Shan, B.E., Yoshita, Y., Sugiura, T. and Yamashita, U.: Suppressive effect of Chinese medicinal herb, Acanthopanax gracilistylus, extract on human lympocytes in vitro. Clin. Exp. Immunol.118:41-48, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.01031.x
  31. Shen, M.L., Zhai, S.K., Chen, H.L., Luo, Y.D., Tu, G.R. and Ou, D.W.: Immunopharmacological effects of polysaccharides from Acanthopanax senticosus on experimental animals. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 13:549- 554, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1016/0192-0561(91)90075-I
  32. Sridhar, C., Subbaraju, G.V., Venkateswarlu, Y. and Venugopal, R.T.: New acylated iridoid glucosides from Products 67:Vitex altissima. J. Natural 2012-2016, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1021/np040117r
  33. Stock, J.L.: Drug therapy. in Osteoporosis: Diagnotic and Therapeutic Principles, edited by Rosen, C.J., pp 173-187, Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, 1996
  34. Suda, T., Takahashi, N., Udagawa, N., Jimi, E., Gillespie, M.T. and Martin, T.J.: Modulation of osteoclast differentiation and function by the new members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor and ligand families. Endocr. Rev. 20:345-57, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1210/er.20.3.345
  35. Takahashi, N., Akastu, T., Sasaki, T., Nicholson, G.C., Moseley, J.M., Martin, T.J. and Suda, T.: Induction of calcitonin receptors by 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_{3}$ in osteoclast-like multinucleated cells formed from mouse bone marrow cells. Endocrinol. 123:1504-1510, 1988b https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-123-3-1504
  36. Takahashi, N., Yamana, H., Yoshiki, S., Roodman, G.D., Mundy, G.R., Jones, S.J., Boyde, A. and Suda, T.: Osteoclast-like cell formation and its regulation by osteotropic hormones in mouse bone marrow cultures. Endocrinol. 122:1373-1382, 1988a https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-122-4-1373
  37. Takasugi, N., Moriguchi, T., Fuwa, T., Sanada, S., Ida, Y., Shofi, J. and Saito, H.: Effect of Eleutherococcus senticosus and its rectal temperature, body and grip tones, mortor coordination, and exploratory and spontaneous movements in acute stressed mice. Shoyakugaku Zasshi. 39:232-237, 1985
  38. Tang, W. and Eisenbrand, G.: Chinese Drugs of Plant Origin: in Chemistry, Pharmacolgy, and Use in Traditional Modern Medicine, pp 849-854, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1992
  39. Wang, J.Z., Mao, X.J., Ito, H. and Shimura, K.: Immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide from Acanthopanax obovatus roots. Planta. Med. 57:335-336, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-960111
  40. Wang, J.Z., Tsumura, H., Shimura, K. and Ito, H.: Antitumor activity of polysaccharide form a Chinese medicinal herb, Acnthopanax giraldii Harms. Cancer Lett. 65:79-84, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(92)90216-I
  41. Wasnich, R.: What is an osteoporotic fracture? in Osteoporosis: Diagnotic and Therapeutic Principles, edited by Rosen, C.J., pp 79-88, Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, 1996
  42. Yu, H.H., Seo, S.J., Kim, Y.H., Lee, H.Y., Park, R.K., So, H.S., Jang, S.L. and You, Y.O.: Protective effect of Rehmannia glutinosa on the cisplatin-induced damage of HEI-OC1 auditory cells through scavenging free radicals. J. Ethnopharmacol. 107:383-388, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.024
  43. Zhao, Y., Wen, X.S., Cui, J. and Wu, W.H.: Extraction and salting-out purification of alpha-galactosidase and betaglucosidase from fresh roots of Rehmannia glutinosa. Zhong. Yao. Cai. 29:137-139, 2006
  44. 生藥學硏究會 : 現代生藥學, PP263-265, 학창사, 서울 1998