Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics (한국운동역학회지)

Korean Society of Applied Biomechanics (한국운동역학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Changes of Ground Reaction Forces by the Change of Club Length in Golf Swing

클럽의 길이 변화에 따른 골프 스윙의 지면반력 변화

  • Published : 2007.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Proper weight shifting is essential for a successful shot in golf swing and this could be described by means of the ground forces between the feet and ground. It is assumed that the ground forces would different according to the club used because the length and swing weight of each club is different. But, in present, it is not clear what changes are made by the change of clubs and this affect the swing motion. Therefore this study focused on the investigation of the changes of the ground forces and ground reaction forces (GRF) by the change of club length. The subjects were three professional male golfers. Four swings (driver, iron 3, iron 5, and iron 7) for each subject were taken by two high speed video cameras and two AMTI force platforms were used to measure the GRF simultaneously. Kwon GRF 2.0 and Mathcad 13 software were used to post processing the data. Changes of the three major component of GRF (Vertical, lateral, anterior-posterior force) at 10 predefined events were analyzed including the maximum. Major findings of this study were as follows. 1. Vertical forces; - There were no significant changes until the top of backswing. - Maximum was occurred at the club horizontal position in the downswing for both feet. The shorter club produced more maximum forces than longer ones in the left foot, but reverse were true for the right foot. - Maximum forces at impact shows the same patterns. 2. Lateral forces; Maximum was occurred at the club horizontal position for both feet, but there were no lateral forces because the direction of two forces was different. Maximum force pattern by different clubs was same as the vertical component. 3. Anterior-posterior forces; - This component made a counter-clock wise moment about a vertical axis located between two foot until the club vertical position was reached during the backswing, and reverse moment were produced when the club reached horizontal at the downswing. - Also this component made a forward moment about a horizontal axis located in the CG during the fore half of the downswing, and a reverse moment until the club reached vertical at the follow through phase. Maximum was occurred at the club vertical in the downswing for both feet. The longer club produced more maximum forces than shorter ones for both feet.

Keywords

References

  1. 리드베터, 데이비드 (2002). 골프 스윙. 서울: 삼호 미디어.
  2. 성낙준 (2004). 골프 클럽의 스윙궤도와 스윙면에 대한 고찰. 한국운동역학회지, 14(1), 99-115. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2004.14.1.099
  3. 이중숙, 이동기(2005). 프로와 아마추어 골프의 골프 스윙 동작시 족저압력 비교 분석. 한국 운동역학회지, 15(2), 41-55. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2005.15.2.041
  4. 허유진, 문건필 & 임정 (2005). 글럽별 골프 스윙시 지면반력 변화에 관한 연구. 한국운동역학회지, 15(2), 103-111. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2005.15.2.103
  5. 호건, 벤 (2000). 벤 호건 모던 골프 (편집부, Trans.). 서울: 전원 문화사.
  6. Barrentine, S. W., Fleisig, G. S., Johnson, H., & Woolley, T. W. (1994). Ground reaction forces and torques of professional and amateur golfers. Paper presented at the 1994 World Scientific Congress of Golf.
  7. Carlsoo, S. (1967). A kinetic analysis of the golf swing. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness, 7(0), 76-82.
  8. Cooper, J. M., Bates, J. M., Bedi, J., & Scheuchenzuber, J. (1974). Kinematic and kinetic analysis of the golf swing. Biomechanics, IV.
  9. Haney, H. (2002). 행크 헤니의 21세기 최고의 테크닉 (장석기 역). 경기도 파주: 한일 산업.
  10. Heuler, O. (1996). Golf swing basics(E. Reinersmann, Trans.). New York: Sterling Pub.
  11. Kawashima, K. (1997). Kinematical analysis of foot force during the golf swing. Paper presented at the XVIth ISB Tokyo Congress.
  12. Kawashima, K., Meshizuka, T., & Takeshita, S. (1998). A kinematic analysis of foot force exerted on the soles during the golf swing among skilled and unskilled golfers. Paper presented at the 1998 World Scientific Congress of Golf.
  13. Koenig, G., tamres, M., & Mann, R. W. (1994). The biomechanics of the shoe-ground interaction in golf. Paper presented at the 1994 World Scientific Congress of Golf.
  14. Lim, Y. T. (2004). Categorization of two different swing styles using weight transfer patterns of golf swing. 한국운동역학회지, 14(2), 179-186. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2004.14.2.179
  15. Mathsoft (2005). Mathcad 12 user's guide. Cambridge: mathsoft engineering & education.
  16. Okuda, I., Armstrong, C. W., Tsunezumi, H., & Yoshiike, H. (2002). Biomechanical Analysis of Proffessional Golfer's Swing: Hidemichi Tanaka. Paper presented at the 2002 World Scientific Congress of Golf.
  17. Richards, J., Farrell, M., Kent, J., & Kraft, R. (1985). Weight transfer patterns during the golf swing. Res. Quarterly Exere. sport, 56(4), 361-365. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1985.10605341
  18. Sorenstam, A. (2005). Golf Annika's Way(소렌스탐의 파워골프). 서울: 넥서스.
  19. Wallace, E. S., Graham, D., & Bleakley, E. W. (1990). Foot-to-ground pressure patterns during the golf drive: a case study involving a low handicap player and a high handicap player. Paper presented at the 1990 World Scientific Congress of Golf.
  20. Wallace, E. S., Grimshaw, P. N., & Ashford, R. L. (1994). Discrete pressure profiles of the feet and weight transfer patterns during the golf swing. Paper presented at the 1994 World Scientific Congress of Golf.
  21. Williams, K. R., & Cavanagh, P. R. (1983). The mechanics of foot action during the golf swing and implications for shoe design. Med. Sei. sports Exerc., 15(3), 247-255.
  22. Williams, K. R., Jones, J., & Snow, B. (1988). Ground reaction forces during the golf swing in relation to hitting performance. Journal of Biomechanics, 21(10), 869.
  23. Williams, K. R., & Sih, B. L. (1998). Ground Reaction Forces in Regular-Spike and Alternative-Spike golf Shoes. Paper presented at the 1998 World Scientific Congress of Golf.

Cited by

  1. Kinetic Analysis of the Movement of Soft Tennis Forehand Middle Volley vol.19, pp.4, 2009, https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2009.19.4.749
  2. Kinetic Analysis of the Lower Body Joints on Golf Swing vol.24, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2014.24.4.339