Biological Activities and Bioactive Compounds in the Extract of Acer tegmentosum Maxim. Stem

산겨릅나무 줄기추출물의 생리활성 및 유효성분 분리

  • Hong, Bo-Kyong (Division of Bio-resources Technology, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Eom, Seok-Hyun (School of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Chan-Ok (Division of Bio-resources Technology, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Ji-Won (Division of Bio-resources Technology, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Jeong, Jong-Hyun (Division of Bio-resources Technology, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Jae-Kwang (National Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, RDA) ;
  • Cho, Dong-Ha (School of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Yu, Chang-Yeon (Division of Bio-resources Technology, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kwon, Yong-Soo (College of Phamacy, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Myong-Jo (Division of Bio-resources Technology, Kangwon National University)
  • 홍보경 (강원대학교 농업생명과학대학 생물자원공학부) ;
  • 엄석현 (강원대학교 BT특성화학부대학) ;
  • 이찬옥 (강원대학교 농업생명과학대학 생물자원공학부) ;
  • 이지원 (강원대학교 농업생명과학대학 생물자원공학부) ;
  • 정종현 (강원대학교 농업생명과학대학 생물자원공학부) ;
  • 김재광 (농촌진흥청 농업생명공학연구원 생물안전성과) ;
  • 조동하 (강원대학교 BT특성화학부대학) ;
  • 유창연 (강원대학교 농업생명과학대학 생물자원공학부) ;
  • 권용수 (강원대학교 약학대학) ;
  • 김명조 (강원대학교 농업생명과학대학 생물자원공학부)
  • Published : 2007.08.30

Abstract

Acer tegmentosum (Acereaceae) has been used a source of traditional medicines for the treatment of hepatic disorders in Korea. This research was conducted to determine biofunctional activities of A. tegmentosum stem extract and to identify its bioactive components. Methanolic extract from A. tegmentosum stem was partitioned by using organic solvents, including n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. Two compounds were isolated by using an ODS column chromatography from ethyl acetate soluble fraction shown to the strongest antioxidant activity ($RC_{50}=3.15\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) among the fractions. The isolated compounds were analyzed by $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR, IR, UV/VIS, MS spectrum data and identified as catechin, ${\rho}-Hydroxyphenethyl$ alcohol $1-O-{\beta}-_D-(6'-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside$. The compounds have shown strong antioxidant activity, with similar activity to BHA ($RC_{50}=2\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). Especially, ${\rho}-Hydroxyphenethyl$ alcohol 1-O-{\beta}-_D-(6'-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside$ was shown strong anti-lipid peroxidative activity. However, the compounds were not shown antimicrobial activities. In antimicrobial activity assays, ethyl acetate soluble fraction was effective to bacterial inhibition, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia, with minimum inhibitory concentrations in $125\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Otherwise, antifungal activity against Candida albicans was shown in n-hexane soluble fraction exhibiting $63\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of minimum inhibitory concentration. In anticomplementary activity assays, water soluble fraction was the most effective exhibiting 24% inhibitory activity.

본 연구에서는 소종과 외상출혈 치료에 사용되며, 주로 간암, 간경화 등의 간 질환 치료제로 사용되어 온 산겨릅나무 추출물에서 식품 및 음료 등과 같은 기능성 식품으로서의 다양한 산업적 응용분야에 널리 응용될 수 있는 기초연구의 일환으로 산겨릅나무 추출물을 이용하여 항산화 활성, 항지질과 산화 활성, 항미생물 활성, 항보체 활성을 실험하였으며, 또한 유용한 생리활성 성분을 분리, 동정하고자 하였다. 그 결과 산겨릅나무 추출물은 DPPH free radical 소거법에 의한 항산화 활성 실험에서는 ehtyl acetate 분획 ($RC_{50}= 3.15\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$), butanol 분획 ($RC_{50}= 5.17\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$)에서 강한 항산화 활성을 보였다. 또한 분리된 2개의 화합물도 대조군인 ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ 이나 BHA보다 유사하거나 강한 항산화 활성을 나타냈다. linoleic acid에 대한 항지질과산화 활성 실험은 15일 째에 물층을 제외한 추출물, 분획물 및 화합물에서 높은 활성을 나타냈으며 특히 화합물 2 (85%)는 항산화 물질로 알려진 catechin (85%)과 유사한 활성을 나타내었다. 박테리아에 대한 향균실험은 Staphylococus aureus 에서만 활성을 보이지 않았을 뿐 다른 피검균에서는 높은 활성을 보였다. 하지만 대부분의 피검균에 대하여 강한 활성을 보인 ethyl acetate 분획에서 분리된 화합물 1, 2는 모든 피검균에 대해 활성을 보이지 않았다. 다만 fungal strain인 Candida albicands에 대해 각각 $250\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. $500\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$의 생육 억제 농도를 나타내었다. 보체계 활성화능을 측정한 결과 물 층 24%를 제외한 다른 분획물은 10% 이하의 낮은 억제효과를 보이거나 활성이 나타나지 않았다. 산겨릅나무 ethyl acetate 분획을 silica gel이 충전된 grass open column에 넣은 후, toluene, acetone, methanol의 혼합용매로 순차용출 (stepwise)시킨 후, ODS와 silica gel을 이용하여 column chromatography를 실시함으로서 2종의 단일 물질을 얻었다. 이 화합물은 $^lH-$$^{13}C-NMR$, IR, UV, EI/FAB-Mass spectrum을 이용하여 기기분석한 결과 compound 1은 catechin으로, compound 2는 ${\rho}-Hydroxyphenethyl$ alcohol 1-O-{\beta}-_D-(6'-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside$로 동정되었으며, 특히 compound 2의 경우 산겨릅나무에서 처음 분리되었다. 위 결과 산겨릅나무 추출물은 항산화 활성, 항지질과산화 활성, 항미생물 활성이 우수하였다. 또한 산겨릅나무 추출물을 이용한다면 식품 및 음료 등과 같은 기능성 식품으로서의 다양한 산업적 응용분야에 널리 응용될 수 있으리라 사례된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bindol A, Carallin L, Silipandri N (1997) Inhibitory action of silymarin of lipid peroxidation formation in rat liver mitochondria and microsomes. Biochemical and Pharmacology 26:2405-2409
  2. Choi JS, Park JH, Kim HG, Young HS, Mun SI (1993) Screening for antioxidant activitiy of plants and marine algae and its active principles from Prunus daviana. Korean Journal of Pharmacology 24:299-303
  3. Fumijo N, Keiichi G, Ryota S, Masayuki S, Miwa S, Yukihiko H (1996) Scavenging effects of tea catechins and their derivatives on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 21:895-902 https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(96)00237-7
  4. Han SS, La SC, Choi YH, Kim MJ, Kwak SS (1999) Antioxidative compounds in extracts of Acer ginnala Max. Journal of Korean Crop Science 7:51-57
  5. Hur JM, Yang EJ, Choi SH, Song KS (2006) Isolation of phenolic glucosides from the stems of Acer tegmentosum Max. Journal of Korean Science 49:149-152
  6. Inatani R, Nakatani N, Fuwa H (1983) Antioxidative effect of the constituents of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and their derivatives. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 47:521-528 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.47.521
  7. Kessler M, Ubeaud G, Jung L (2003) Anti- and pro-oxidant activity of rutin and quercetin derivatives. The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 55:131-142 https://doi.org/10.1211/002235702559
  8. Kim JH, Shin KS, Lee H (2002) Characterization and action mode of anticomplementary substance prepared from Lactobacillus plantarum. Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology 34:290-295
  9. Kim JS, Cho SM, Kim JH, Lee MW (2001) Phenolic compounds from the node of lotus rhizome (Nelumbo nucifra Gaertn). Korean Journal of Pharmacy and science 45:599-603
  10. Kim MJ, Hyun JO (1997) Genetic variation in urushiol components of Rhus verniciflua Stokes. Kor. J. Vreed. 29:115-123
  11. Kim SK, Jung SM, Ahn KH, Jeon HJ, Lee DH, Jung KM, Jung SY, Kim DK (2005) Identification of three competitive inhibitors for membrane associated, $Mg2^{+}$- dependent and neutral 60kDa sphingomyelinase activity. Archives of pharmacal Research 28:923-929 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02973878
  12. Kim YY, Koo SJ (1997) Anticomplementary activity and immune-stimulating effect of the extracts from barley (Hordeum vulgare). Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology 13:661-668
  13. Klerx JP, Benkelman CJ, Van DH, WiUers JM (1983) Microassay for colorimetric estimation of complement activity in guinea pig, human and mouse serum. Journal of Immunological Methods 63:215-220 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90425-8
  14. Kobayasi A, Kim MJ, Kawaz K (1996) Uptake and exudation of phenolic compounds by wheat and antimicrobial components of the root exudate. Zeitschrift fur Naturforsch 51:527-533
  15. Nonaka GI, Nishimura H, Nishioka I (1982) Tannins and related compounds seven new phenol glucoside gallates from Quercus stenophylla Makino. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 30:2061-2067 https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.30.2061
  16. Rahman MM, Alexander IG (2002) Antimicrobial constituents from the stem bark of Feronia limonia. Phytochemistry 59:73-77 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00423-X
  17. Sakanaka S, Mujo K, Makoto T, Yamamoto T (1989) Antibacterial substances in Japanese green tea extract against Streptococcus mutans, a carcinogenic bacterium. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 53:2307-2311 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.53.2307
  18. Shahidi F, Wanasundara PKJPD (1992) Phenolic antioxidants. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 32:67-103 https://doi.org/10.1080/10408399209527581
  19. Shin IC, Sa JH, Kim TW, Park KY, Jeong KJ, Lee TW, Han KS, Shim TH, Oh HS (2005) The influenceable of plant extracts of inside Gangwon-do on AGS cell and Hep3B cell growth control. Report institute of health and environment 16:39-45
  20. Xiong Q, Kadota S, Tadata T, Namba T (1996) Antioxidative effects of phenylethanoids from Cistanche deserticola. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 19:1580-1585 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.19.1580
  21. Yamada H, Yanahira S, Kiyhara H, Cyong JC, Otsuka Y (1989) Water-soluble glucans from the seed of Coix laorymajobi var. Ma-Yuen. Phytochemistry 25:129 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94516-3
  22. Yeo SG, Ahn CW, Kim IS, Park YB, Park YH, Kim SB (1995) Antimicrobial effect of tea extracts from gren tea, oolong tea and black tea. Journal of Korean Society Food Nutrient 24:293-298
  23. 박기면 (2006) 산겨릅나무 (Acer tegmentosum Maxim.)의 페놀성 성분연구, 성균관대학교 대학원 석사학위논문
  24. 안덕균 (1998) 한국본초도감, 교학사, p. 523
  25. 김일훈 (1986) 신약, 나무, p. 78-288
  26. 原 征彦, 正石上 (1989) 茶ポリフェノ一ル類の食中毒細菌に對すゐ抗菌活性, 日本食品工業學會誌 36:996-999