Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Effects of Physiological Factors and Lifestyles on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women

생리적 요인과 생활습관이 폐경 후 여성의 골밀도에 미치는 영향

  • Sung, Chung-Ja (Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University) ;
  • Choi, Yun-Hee (Department of Food and Nutrition, Jangan College)
  • 승정자 (숙명여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 최윤희 (장안대학 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2007.09.30
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Abstract

This study was performed to assess the effects of physiological factors and lifestyles on bone mineral density (BMD) in 64 postmenopausal women. Sixty four subjects were selected out of 223 postmenopausal women in Seoul and Kyunggido. The BMD of the lumbar spine (L2 ${\rightarrow}$ L4) and femoral neck were measured dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Subjects were assigned to one of three groups such as normal (T-score > -1, n = 20), osteopenia (-2.5 < Tscore ${\leq}$ -1, n = 24), and osteoporosis (T-score ${\leq}$ -2.5, n = 20). Anthropometric measurements and questionares were administered to these women. The mean age, height, weight and BMI were 62.09 yrs, 153.78 cm, 56.09 kg and 23.70 $kg/m^2$ respectively. The BMDs of lumbar spines (L2 ${\rightarrow}$ L4), femoral neck were 0.84 $g/cm^2$, 0.71 $g/cm^2$ respectively. Years after menopause and age of last delivery of the osteoporosis and osteopenia group were significantly longer than the normal group (p < 0.05). The hours of exercise and outdoor activity of the normal group were longer than the osteoporosis and osteopenia group, but there were no significant differences among the three groups. The BMDs of these two sites were positively correlated with weight, BMI, hip and body fat and negatively correlated with LBM, TBW. These results show there are no consistent effects on bone mineral density, adjusting for age and BMI, of physiological factors and lifestyles in postmenopausal women. Therefore. this study confirmed that one of the most effective ways to minimize bone loss in postmenopausal women would be to maintain an adequate body weight.

본 연구에서는 폐경 후 여성 64명중 골밀도 분류에 따라 골다공증군 (20명), 골감소군 (24명), 정상군 (20명)으로 분류한 뒤 신체계측, 골밀도 측정, 설문조사를 통하여 생리적 요인과 생활습관이 폐경 후 여성의 골밀도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 실시하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 연구 대상자들의 평균 연령은 62.09세, 평균 신장은 153.78 cm로, 골밀도에 따른 세 군간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 평균 체중은 56.09 kg, 체질량 지수 (BMI)는 23.7 $kg/m^2$로 정상군이 골감소군과 골다공증군에 비해 높아 유의적인 차이를 보였다 (p < 0.001). 2) 요추와 대퇴 경부의 평균 골밀도 T-값은 각각 -1.75, -2.15로 나타났으며, 평균 요추 골밀도는 0.84 $g/cm^2$, 대퇴경부 골밀도는 0.71 $g/cm^2$로 세 군간에 유의성 (p < 0.001)이 나타났다. 3) 평균 가임기간은 31.3년으로, 세 군 간에 유의적인 차이를 보여 정상군이 골다공증군과 골감소군에 비해 길었다(p < 0.05). 평균 폐경 후 기간은 14.2년으로 골다공증군이 골감소군과 정상군에 비해 길게 나타났다 (p < 0.05). 평균 최종 출산 연령은 33.67세로 골다공증군이 다른 두 군에 비해 늦게 나타났다 (p < 0.05). 4) 갱년기 증세는 전체 대상자의 43%가 경험 했다고 하였는데. 기타 (37.21%)가 가장 높은 비율을 차지했으며, 우울증 (27.91%), 불면 (18.60%), 발열 (9.30%), 안면홍조(6.98%) 순이었고 세 군 간에 유의성은 나타나지 않았다. 증세의 강도는 51.85%가 증세가 없었거나 약하게 경험하였다고 하였으며, 보통 수준은 38.89%, 심한 편은 9.26%로 대부분의 대상자들은 갱년기 증세를 약하게 경험한 것으로 나타났고 세 군 간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 5) 평균 운동시간은 하루에 1시간이었고, 정상군 (79.44분)의 운동시간이 골다공증군 (55.22분)과 골감소군 (68.33분)에 비해 긴 경향을 보였으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 마찬가지로 옥외 활동시간도 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 6) 연령 보정 후 요추 및 대퇴 경부 골밀도는 체중, 체질량 지수와 유의적인 양의 상관관계가 나타났다 (p < 0.001). 연령과 BMI 보정 후 생리적 요인은 요추 및 대퇴 경부 골밀도는 유의적인 상관성이 나타나지 않았다. 7) 연령과 체질량지수를 보정 한 후 생활습관은 골밀도와 유의적인 상관성이 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 연구 결과를 종합해 볼 때 폐경 후 여성의 골밀도와 체중은 기존의 연구보고에서와 같이 밀접한 관련성이 있어, 폐경이후 정상체중 유지는 골다공증 예방에 중요한 보호인자로 나타났다.

Keywords

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