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Preparation and Characteristics of Bread by Medicinal Herb Composites with Immunostimulating Activity

면역활성을 가진 생약복합물을 이용한 빵의 제조 및 특성

  • Kim, Hee-Suk (School of Food Science, JinJu International University) ;
  • Kang, Jin-Soon (School of Food Science, JinJu International University)
  • 김희숙 (진주국제대학교 식품과학부 식품영양) ;
  • 강진순 (진주국제대학교 식품과학부 식품영양)
  • Published : 2008.01.31

Abstract

In this study, the breads with medicinal herbs (MH) composites showing immunostimulating activity were prepared and their characteristics were examined. Fourteen kinds of medicinal herbs were extracted with hot water and divided into 3 groups (MH-1, MH-2, MH-3) based on their contents. All groups showed immunostimulating activity in terms of macrophage phagocytosis, nitrite production, cytostatic activity and cytokine production. In the preparation of breads containing MH extracts of various contents (0, 30, 50, 70, and 100%), there was no significant difference among dough pHs of all groups after first fermentation, but loaf volume was significantly (p<0.05) increased in 70% added group while decreased in 30%, 50%, and 100% added groups compared to the control. The "a" and "b" values of bread crumb increased with the content of MH extracts while "L" value decreased, but these values of bread crust were similar to the control group. Most improvements in hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess and chewiness of bread were noticed by the addition of 70% MH extracts, but those of springiness, cohesiveness and resilience were mostly by the 50% addition ones. Through the sensory evaluation, it was revealed that mouth feeling, taste and overall preference decreased at breads containing 70% and 100% extracts, although appearance and crumb texture were not significantly (p<0.05) different among all groups.

생약추출물의 기능성 소재로서 이용 가능성을 조사하고자 황기, 백복령, 맥문동, 오가피, 산약, 구기자, 당귀, 하수오, 기사, 토사자, 백출, 오미자, 표고버섯, 감초 등의 생약재를 이용하여 면역활성 실험을 수행한 결과 MH-1, MH-2 및 MH-3은 대식세포 면역 활성의 지표가 되는 식세포 작용, NO 생산량, 암세포 증식 억제활성, cytokine 생성량 등에서 유의성 또는 높은 활성을 보였기 때문에 기능성 식품 제조를 위한 면역증강 소재로의 활용가치가 있음이 증명되었다. 이와 같이 생약재의 면역 활성능을 확인한 후 면역 활성이 높은 위의 생약 열수 추출물을 그 일정한 비율로 혼합(밀가루를 기준으로 추출물은 30%, 50%, 70%, 100%)하여 반죽의 pH, 제품의 부피, 색도, 기계적 질감, 관능검사를 수행하였다. 반죽의 pH는 다른 모든 처리군에서 대조군(0%)과 유사하였으며 제품의 부피는 70% 추출물 첨가군에서 증가하였으나 다른 모든 처리군에서는 대조군에 비해 감소하였다. 식빵 crust의 색도는 추출물의 첨가량에 따른 L, a, b 값의 변화는 일정하지 않았으며, 식빵 crumb의 색도는 추출물의 첨가량이 증가할수록 L값은 감소하고, a, b값은 모두 증가시켜 어두운 색을 나타내었다. 조직감 측정 시 경도, 응집성, 점착성, 씹힘성 및 복원성은 30% 첨가군이 대조군과 비슷하였으며 추출물의 첨가량에 따라 유의적인 차이를 볼 수 있었다. 관능검사 결과 생약 추출물을 30%와 50% 추출물 첨가 시 외관, 향미, 입안에서의 느낌, 맛, 전반적인 선호도 및 내부의 질감에서는 대조군과 같은 높은 점수를 나타내었으며, 최대첨가수준은 70%까지 가능한 것으로 나타났다.X> CFU/g의 범주에 들었다. 1년간 $-20^{\circ}C$에서 보관한 조피볼락에서는 미생물이 검출되지 않았다. 유해 미생물 검사를 통하여 가공조피볼락 모든 시료에서 유해한 미생물은 검출되지 않았다. 본 연구결과에서 조피볼락을 염장(4% NaCl)하고 훈연, 냉동, 포장 등의 복합적 기술을 병행하여 사용함으로써 원료생선의 상미기간을 1년 이상 연장할 수 있었다. 또한 관능적으로 우수한 기호성, 즉석에서 먹을 수 있는 간편성, 장기저장에 의한 식품 산패, 오염 및 변패 미생물의 생육 등이 발생하지 않는 우수한 생선가공, 저장방법, 저가 생선류의 부가가치 상승 등 여러 유익한 결과를 얻을 수 있는 효과적인 가공방법을 증명하였다.의 평균섭취량에도 미치지 못하는 매우 저조한 영양상태를 보여 경제력, 육체적 활동 및 건강상태 등이 매우 열악한 이들 집단에 대한 질 좋은 영양서비스의 제공이 국가적 차원에서 시급히 재고되어야 할 것이다. 연구대상자 특히 배달급식 대상자의 경우 모집의 어려움으로 인해 적은 수의 연구대상자의 결과를 보고한 것은 본 연구의 제한점이라 할 수 있다 따라서 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 좀 더 많은 대상자를 대상으로 한 조사 연구가 계속 이루어져 가정배달급식 프로그램의 개선을 위한 유용한 자료로 축적되어야 할 것이다.상범주로 회복함을 알수 있었고 실험결과 항암제 투여후 3 일째 피판 형성한 군에서 피판치유가 늦어진 것으로 관찰되어 인체에서 항암 투여후 수술시기는 인체면역계가 회복하는 시기를 3주이상 경과후 적어도 4주째 수술시기를 정하는 것이 유리하리라 생각되었다.한 복합레진은 개발의 초기단계이며, 물성의 증가를 위한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.또 다른

Keywords

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