Journal of agricultural medicine and community health (농촌의학ㆍ지역보건)

Korean Society for Rural Medicine and Community Health (한국농촌의학지역보건학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Factors Related to Depressive Symptoms Among the Elderly in Urban and Rural Areas

일부 지역사회 노인들의 우울수준과 관련요인

  • Lee, Jong-Cheon (Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Chungnam National University) ;
  • Park, Jung-Ah (Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Chungnam National University) ;
  • Bae, Nam-Kyou (Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Chungnam National University) ;
  • Cho, Young-Chae (Department of Preventive Medicine and public Health, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, and Research Institute for Medical Sciences)
  • 이종천 (충남대학교 대학원 보건학과) ;
  • 박정아 (충남대학교 대학원 보건학과) ;
  • 배남규 (충남대학교 대학원 보건학과) ;
  • 조영채 (충남대학교 의과대학 예방의학교실 및 의학연구소)
  • Published : 2008.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: This study was performed to determine the levels of depression symptoms among the community elderlies and to reveal its related factors, specifically aimed at revealing psycho-social factors such as social support net-work, sense of self-esteem, state anxiety, interpersonal behavior trait and locus of control. Methods: The interviews were performed during the period from April 1st to June 30th, 2007 to the 790 elderlies in urban and rural areas. Results: The mean scores of depression (CES-D) among all subjects were 16.65±10.97(urban: 18.81±10.31, rural: 14.49±11.20) and they were higher in urban than rural. The level of depression symptoms was influenced by the variables of educational level, with or without spouse, bear for living expenses, sense of satisfaction in daily life. As for health related behaviors, they were influenced by the variables of with or without regular exercise. As for health status, they were influenced by the subjective health status, with or without disability of body, visual acuity, hearing ability, ability of food mastication, urinary incontinence, with or without help in activity of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activity of daily living (IADL). As for social support net-work and social activities, they were influenced by number of offspring, frequency of offspring contents, frequency of going out and activity of hobbies. As for psycho-social factors, they were influenced by sense of self-esteem, state anxiety and social support, especially, the level of depression symptoms was higher influenced by the variables of psycho-social factors than other variables. Conclusions: Lower of the level of depression symptoms among the community elderlies would require development and application of programs to keep under management psycho-social factors as well as looking for ways to promoting the present health status.

Keywords

References

  1. Ueno N, Fujita Y, Nakamura H. Mental health survey of old people, using self-rating depression scale(SDS) comparison between ones in hospital with ones at home. Jpn J Public Health 1997;44:865-973
  2. Kim HS. A study on epistemology of Korean elder's suicidal thought. J of Korea Geront Soc 2002;22(1):159-172
  3. Pearlman RA. Quality of life in chronic disease: perception of elderly patients. J Gerontol 1988;43:M25-30 https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/43.2.M25
  4. Satz P, Dewey ME. Depression, depressive symptoms and mortality in persons aged 65 over living in the community: a systematic review of the literature. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001;16:622-630 https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.396
  5. Jorm AF. The epidemiology of depressive states in the elderly: implications for recognition, intervention and prevention. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1995;30:53-59 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00794942
  6. Ko HN, Lee SS, Han HJ. The prevalence of depression and Its related factors of the elderly in rural area. Korean J of Psychological Nursing 2001;10(4):645-655
  7. Lee SS, Je MS, Choi WH. The prevalence of depression and Its related factors of the elderly in rural area of Koje city. Korean Public Health Research 2005;31(1):97-104
  8. Katz S. Studies of illness in the aged : the Index of ADL: A standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. J of Am Med Assoc 1963:185;914-919 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1963.03060120024016
  9. Pfeiffer E. Multidimensional functional assessment: the OARS methodology. A manual. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, 1975
  10. Weissman MM, Locke BZ. Comparison of a self-report symptom ratingscale(CES-D) with standardized depression rating scales in psychiatric populations. Am J Epidemiol 1975;102:430-431 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112183
  11. Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J. 1965
  12. Spielberger CD, Gorssuch RL, Lushene RE. STAI manual for the state-trait anxiety and ability. Consulting Psychologists Press, California, 1970
  13. Hirschfeld RMA. A measure of interpersonal dependency, J of Personality Assessment 1977;41:129-133
  14. McDonald-Scott. The Interpersonal Dependency Inventory Japanese Short Form: development and evaluation. Kango Kenkyu. 1988;21(5):451-60
  15. Levenson H. Multidimensional locus of control in psychiatric patients. J Cons Clin Psychol 1973;41:397-404 https://doi.org/10.1037/h0035357
  16. Cutrona CE, Russel D. The provision of social relationships and adaption to stress. In WH Jones & D Perlman (Eds), Greenwich, CI:JAI Press, Advances in personal relationship 1987;1:37-67
  17. Briscoe ME. Sex difference in perception of illness and expressed life satisfaction. Psychol Med 1978;8:339-345 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700014409
  18. Fukuda H, Kida K, Kimura Y, Nishizawa Y, Kanazawa Y, Sato K, Mitta R, Takusari Y. Well-being and depression in residents of a provincial city 65 years old or older. Jpn J Public Health 2002;49(2):97-105
  19. Gomez GE, Gomez EA. Depression in the elderly. J Psych Nur 1991;31(5):28-33
  20. Haines AP, Imeson JD, Meade TW: Psychoneurotic profiles of smokers and non-smokers. Br Med J 1980;280:1422 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.280.6229.1422
  21. Berkman LF, Syme SL. Social network, host resistance, and mortality: A 9-year follow-up study of Alameda county residents. Am J Epidemiol 1979;109:186-204 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112674
  22. Kennedy DJ, Kelman HR, Thomas C. Persistence of depressive symptoms in later life. Am J Psychiatry 1991;148(2):174-178
  23. Krause N. Perceived health problems, formal/informal support and life satisfaction among older adults. J Gerontol 1990;45:193-205 https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/45.5.S193
  24. Roberts RE, Kaplan GA, Shema SJ. Prevalence and correlates of depression in an aging cohort: the Almeda county study. J Gerontol: Soc Sci 1997;52B: S252-S258 https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/52B.5.S252
  25. Prince M, Harwood RH, Thomas A. A prospective population-based cohort study of the effects of disablement and social milieu on the onset and maintenance of late-life depression: The Gospel Oak Project VII. Psychol Med 1998;28:337-350 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291797006478
  26. Schafer RB, Keith PM. Change in adult self-esteem: a longitudinal assessment. Br J Soc Psychol 1999;38:303-314 https://doi.org/10.1348/014466699164185
  27. Taylor SE, Brown GW. Illusion and well-being: a social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychol Bull 1988;103:193-210 https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.2.193
  28. Cooper H, Okamura L, McNeil P. Situation and personality correlates of psychological well-being: social activity and personal control. J Res Personality 1995;29:395-417 https://doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.1995.1023
  29. Sidrow NE, Lester D. Locus of control and suicidal ideation. Percept Motor Skills 1988;67:576 https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1988.67.2.576
  30. House JS, Robbins C, Metzner HM. The association of social relationships and activities with mortality: prospective evidence from the Tecumseh community health study. Am J Epidemiol 1982;116: 123-140 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113387

Cited by

  1. Psychosocial Factors and Its Related Factors Among the Elderly People in a City vol.13, pp.8, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2012.13.8.3521
  2. Relationship Between Low Back Pain and Depression Among Some Elderly vol.15, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2014.15.3.1599
  3. The Effects of the Activity Program for Preventing Dementia Against Depression, Cognitive Function, and Quality of Life for the Elderly vol.24, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7231/jon.2013.24.4.353
  4. Comparisons of the prevalence of and risk factors for elderly depression between urban and rural populations in Japan vol.24, pp.08, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610212000099
  5. Levels of Health-related Quality of Life (EQ-5D) and Its Related Factors among Vulnerable Elders Receiving Home Visiting Health Care Services in Some Rural Areas vol.24, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2013.24.1.99
  6. Status of Physical and Mental Function and, Its Related Factors Among the Elderly People Using from Long-Term Care Insurance Service vol.13, pp.12, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2012.13.12.5976
  7. The Effects of 8-weeks Jeol Meditation Program on Stress, Depression and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women vol.38, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5393/JAMCH.2013.38.3.163
  8. Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Physical Function(ADL, IADL) Among the Rural Elderlies vol.13, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2012.13.1.201
  9. Risk Factors Influencing Depression among Elderly with Arthritis in Korean vol.8, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12811/kshsm.2014.8.1.103
  10. The Factors Associated with Depression in the Elderly Male: Based on the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey vol.27, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2015.27.5.583
  11. Health-related Quality of Life and Its Related Factors in Urban Elderly Women vol.15, pp.12, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2014.15.12.7224
  12. Depression Symptoms and its Related Factors among the Elderly People Affiliated with Long-term Care Insurance Services in Urban Areas vol.16, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2015.16.4.2674
  13. Subjective Health and Factors of Health-related Quality of Life in Elderly Haenyo vol.24, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2018.24.2.105