Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy (식물분류학회지)

The Korean Society of Plant Taxonomists (한국식물분류학회)
권호 표지

The Paleovegetation at Dongdo of Is. Dokdo, Korea

한국 독도 동도의 고식생

  • Yoon, Soon-Ock (Department of Geography and Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Kyunghee University) ;
  • Hwang, Sangill (Department of Geography. Kyungpook National University)
  • 윤순옥 (경희대학교 지리학과 및 기초과학연구소) ;
  • 황상일 (경북대학교 지리학과)
  • Published : 2008.12.31
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Abstract

Dokdo, small island located in the eastern end of the Korean Peninsula, has been an uninhabited island for long time due to long distance from the land. Moreover, the steep slope of volcanic tuff at Dokdo is well drained for high permeability and Dokdo has few plain areas, swamps and very thin soil layers. In this study, pollen analysis at Dokdo was attempted on the profile of organic sandy soil for the first time in Korea owing to the marine climate environment with high humidity and precipitation including snowfalls in spite of unprofitable condition geologically or geomorphologically. While many historical, political researches have been accumulated for territorial problem of Dokdo with Japan, natural scientific researches with field work are not sufficient, and few paleoecological researches have been done. As a result of pollen analysis, the ratio of the NAP(Non-Arboreal Pollen) and spore was higher than AP(Arboreal Pollen), and the vegetation change existed by showing dramatic decrease of AP at the upper layer. AP was composed of almost Pinus, and a little Alnus, Quercus, Betula, Carpinus, Picea and Ulmus. NAP was composed of Gramineae, Compositae, Chenopodiaceae Cyperaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Liliaceae, Umbelliferae, Artemisia, Lobelia, Rumex, Polygonum. Increase of the NAP such as Gramineae, Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae, they would mostly have been transported from the other areas because agricultural activity is impossible at Dokdo. While one reason of Pinus thunbergii decrease could be regarded as environmental change, the other reason would be lumbering of pine trees by human activity which is adapted to Dokdo environment.

독도는 한반도 동단에 위치한 작은 섬으로 육지와의 거리도 멀어서 오랫동안 무인도였다. 사면경사가 급한 응회암질 사면은 투수성이 높아 배수가 양호하며, 평탄지가 적어서 토양층은 매우 얇고 저습지가 거의 없다. 따라서 화분이 보존되기에 매우 불리한 지질 및 지형환경이지만, 해양성기후 환경으로 인해 습도가 매우 높고, 적설량과 강우량이 과다하므로 약간의 평탄지에서도 화분 분석이 가능한 유기질 토양층이 형성될 수 있었던 것 같다. 독도는 일본과의 영토문제로 역사적, 정치적인 연구 성과는 상당량 축적되어 있지만, 현지조사를 수반하는 자연과학적 연구는 여전히 부족하고, 고생태학적 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 한국에서 최초로 독도의 화분분석이 시도되었다. 결과 목본류보다 초본과 포자식물의 비율이 높고, 상부층에서 목본의 비율이 급감하는 식생변화를 확인하였다. 목본류는 대부분 소나무속이었고, 그밖에 오리나무속, 참나무속, 자작나무속, 서어나무속, 가문비나무속, 느릅나무속이 소량 출현했다. 초본류로는 사초과, 석죽과, 백합과, 산형과, 쑥속, 숫잔대속, 수영속, 마디풀속이 소량 확인되었지만, 벼과, 쑥속 그리고 명아주과의 비율이 매우 높아 농경에 따른 인위적 영향으로 간주되었다. 독도에서는 농경이 불가능하므로 대부분 다른 곳에서 운반된 것이다. 소나무속의 소멸은 자연환경의 변화로 볼 수 있지만, 또 다른 가능성은 독도에 적응한 소나무(Pinus thunbergii)를 벌채한 결과 사라졌을 가능성도 있다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 기상청, 경북대 독도.울릉도 연구소

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