References
- Ross R. Atherosclerosis: an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med 340:115-126, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199901143400207
- Libby P, Ridker PM, Maseri A. Inflammation and atherosclerosis. Circulation 105:1135-1143, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1161/hc0902.104353
- Zhou X, Stemme S, Hansson GK. Evidence for a local immune response in atherosclerosis: CD4T cells infiltrate lesions of apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice. Am J Pathol 149:359-366, 1996
- Takahashi K, Takeya M, Sakashita N. Multifunctional roles of macrophages in the development and progression of atherosclerosis in humans and experimental animals. Med Electron Microsc 35:179-203, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1007/s007950200023
- Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study(4S). Randomized trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease. Lancet 344:1383-1389, 1994
- Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I, Isles CG, Lorimer AR, MacFarlane PW, McKillop JH, Packard CJ. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med 333:1301-1307, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199511163332001
- Archbold RA, Timmis AD. Cholesterol lowering and coronary artery disease: mechanisms of risk reduction. Heart 80:543-547, 1998
- Gould AL, Rossouw JE, Santanello NC, Heyse JF, Furberg CD. Cholesterol reduction yields clinical benefit: impact of statin trials. Circulation 97:946-952, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.97.10.946
- Tousoulis D, Tentolouris C, Crake T, Goumas G, Stefannadis C, Toutouzas P, Davies G. Complex stenosis morphology and vasomotor responses to inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis. Heart 84:529-534, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1136/heart.84.5.529
- Freedman JE, Ting B, Hankin B, Loscalzo J, Keaney JF Jr, Vita JA. Impaired platelet production of nitric oxide predicts presence of acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 98:1481 -1486, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.98.15.1481
- Black S, Kushner I, Samols D. C-reactive protein. J Biol Chem 279:48487-48490, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.R400025200
- Ishikawa T, Imamura T, Hatakcyama K, Date H, Nagoshi T, Kawamoto R, Matsuyama A, Asada Y, Eto T. Possible contribution of C-reative protein within coronary plaque to increasing its own plasma levels across coronary ciculation. Am J Cardiol 93:611-614, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2003.11.030
- Paffen E, DeMaseri MP. C-reactive protein in atherosclerosis: a usal factor? Cardiovasc Res 71:30-39, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardiores.2006.03.004
- Libby P, Ridker PM. Inflmmation and atherosclerosis: role of C-reactive protein in risk assessment. Am J Med 116(Suppl 6A):9S-16S, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.02.006
- Pepys MB, Hirschfield GM. C-reactive protein and atherothrombosis. Ital Heart J 2:196-199, 2001
- Ridker PM, Rifai N, Rose L, Buring JE, Cook NR. Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 347:1557-1565, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa021993
- Hwang SJ, Ballantyne CM, Sharrett AR, Smith LC, Davis CE, Gottojr AM Jr, Boerwinkle E. Circulating adhesion molecules VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin in carotid atherosclerosis and incident coronary heart disease cases. Circulation 96:4219- 4225, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.96.12.4219
- Ridker PM, Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Rifai N. C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. N Engl J Med 342:836-843, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200003233421202
- Malik I, Danesh J, Whineup P, Bhatia V, Papacosta O, Walker M, Lennon L, Thomson A, Haskard D. Soluble adhesion molecules and prediction of coronary heart disease: a prospective study and meta-analysis. Lancet 358: 971-976, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06104-9
- Luc G, Arveiler D, Evans A, Amouyel P, Ferrieres J, Bard J, Elkhalil L, Fruchart JC, Ducimetiere P. Circulating soluble adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and incidence of coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis 170: 169-176, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9150(03)00280-6
- Gu L, Okada Y, Clinton SK, Gerald C, Sukhova GK, Libby P, Rollins BJ. Absence of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 reduces atherosclerosis in low density lipoprotein receptor- deficient mice. Mol Cell 2:275-281, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80139-2
- Nishiyama K, Ogawa H, Yasue H, Soejima H, Misumi K, Takazoo K, Yoshimura M, Kugiyama K, Tsuji I, Kumeda K. Simultaneous elevation of the levels of circulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tissue factor in acute coronary syndromes. Jpn Circ J 62:710-712, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1253/jcj.62.710
- Ridker PM, Buring JE, Rifai N. Soluble P-selectin and the risk of future cardiovascular events. Circulation 103:491- 495, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.103.4.491
- Andre P, Nannizzi-Alaimo L, Prasad SK, Phillips DR. Platelet derived CD40L: the switch-hitting player of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 106:896-899, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000028962.04520.01
- Schonbeck U, Libby P. CD40 signaling and plaque instability. Circ Res 89:1092-1103, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1161/hh2401.101272
- Karmann K, Hughes CC, Schechner J, Fanslow WC, Pober JS. CD40 on human endothelial cells: inducibility by cytokines and functional regulation of adhesion molecule expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92:4342-4346, 1995
- Mach F, Schonbeck U, Bonnefoy JY, Pober JS, Libby P. Activation of monocyte/macrophage functions related to acute atheroma complication by ligation of CD40: induction of collagenase, stromelysin, and tissue factor. Circulation 96:396-399, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.96.2.396
- Henn V, Slupsky JR, Grafe M, Anagnostopoulos I, Forster R, Muller-Berghaus G, Kroczek RA. CD40 ligand on activated platelets triggers an inflammatory reaction of endothelial cells. Nature 391:591-594, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1038/35393
- Cipollone F, Marini M, Fazia M, Pini B, Iezzi A, Reale M, Paloscia L, Materazzo G, D'Annunzio E, Conti P, Chiarelli F, Cuccurullo F, Mezzett A. Elevated circulating levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in patients with restenosis after coronary angioplasty. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 21:327-334, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.21.3.327
- Urbich C, Dernbach E, Aicher A, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S. CD40 ligand inhibits endothelial cell migration by increasing production of endothelial reactive oxygen species. Circulation 106:981-986, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000027107.54614.1A
- Schonbeck U, Varo N, Libby P, Buring J, Ridker PM. Soluble CD40L and cardiovascular risk in women. Circulation 104:2266-2268, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1161/hc4401.099447
- Mach F, Schonbeck U, Sukhova GK, Atkinson E, Libby P. Reduction of atherosclerosis in mice by inhibition of CD40 signalling. Nature 394:200-203, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1038/28204
- Romano M, Mezzetti A, Marulli C, Ciabattoni G, Febo F, Di Ienno S, Roccaforte S, Vigneri S, Nubile G, Milani M, Davi G. Fluvastatin reduces soluble P-selectin and ICAM-1 levels in hypercholesterolemic patients: role of nitric oxide. J Invest Med 48:183-189, 2000
- Cipollone F, Mezzetti A, Porreca E, Di Febbo C, Nutini M, Fazia M, Falco A, Cuccurullo F, Davi G. Association between enhanced soluble CD40L and prothrombotic state in hypercholesterolemia: effects of statin therapy. Circulation 106:399-402, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000025419.95769.F0
- Schonbeck U, Gerdes N, Varo N, Reynolds RS, Horton DB, Bavendiek U, Robbie L, Ganz P, Kinlay S, Libby P. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein augments and 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors limit CD40 and CD40L expression in human vascular cells. Circulation 106:2888-2893, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000043029.52803.7B
- Leu HB, Wu CC, Wu TC, Lin SJ, Chen JW. Fluvastatin reduces oxidative stress, decreases serum monocyte chemotactic protein-1 level and improves endothelial function in patients with hypercholesterolemia. J Formos Med Assoc 103:914-920, 2004
- Nakai K, Itoh C, Kawazoe K, Miura Y, Sotoyanagi H, Hotta K, Itoh T, Kamata J, Hiramori K. Concentration of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) correlated with expression of VCAM-1 mRNA in the human atherosclerotic aorta. Coron Artery Dis 6:497-502, 1995
- Nakashima Y, Raines EW, Plump AS, Breslow JL, Ross R. Upregulation of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 at atherosclerosis- prone sites on the endothelium in the ApoE-deficient mouse. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 18:842-851, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.18.5.842
- Cybulsky MI, Iiyama K, Li H, Zhu S, Chen M, Iiyama M, Davis V, Gutierrez-Ramos JC, Connelly PW, Milstone DS. A major role for VCAM-1, but not ICAM-1, in early atherosclerosis. J Clin Invest 107:1255-1262, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI11871