Economic and Environmental Geology (자원환경지질)

The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental Geology (대한자원환경지질학회)
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The Study on Geology and Volcanism in Jeju Island (I): Petrochemistry and $^{40}Ar/^{39}Ar$ Absolute ages of the Subsurface Volcanic Rock Cores from Boreholes in the Eastern Lowland of Jeiu Island

제주도의 지질과 화산활동에 관한 연구 (I): 동부지역 저지대 시추코어 화산암류의 암석화학 및 $^{40}Ar/^{39}Ar$ 절대연대

  • Koh, Gi-Won (Water Resources Office, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province) ;
  • Park, Jun-Beom (US Army Corps cf Engineers Far East District) ;
  • Park, Yoon-Suk (Water Resources Office, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province)
  • 고기원 (제주특별자치도 수자원본부) ;
  • 박준범 (미육군극동공병단) ;
  • 박윤석 (제주특별자치도 수자원본부)
  • Published : 2008.02.28
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Abstract

This study presents petrochemistry and $^{40}Ar/^{39}Ar$ absolute ages of subsurface volcanic rock cores from twenty(20) boreholes in the eastern lowland (altitude loom below) of Jeju Island, Handeong-Jongdal-Udo-Susan-Samdal-Hacheon areas, and discusses topography and volcanism in the area. The subsurface volcanic rock cores are mainly basalts in composition with minor tholeiitic andesites and basaltic trachyandesites. Sequences of intercalated tholeiitic, transitional and alkalic lavas suggest that tholeiitic and transitional to alkalic lavas must have erupted contemporaneously. Especially, occurrences of trachybasalts and basaltic trachyandesites at the bases in the area imply that the volcanism in the area was initiated with slightly differentiated alkaline magma activity. The $^{40}Ar/^{39}Ar$ absolute ages of the subsurface volcanic rock cores range from $526{\pm}23ka\;to\;38{\pm}4Ka$. The lava-forming Hawaiian volcanic activities of the eastern lowland can be divided into five sequences on the basis of sediment distribution, whole rock geochemistry and $^{40}Ar/^{39}Ar$ absolute ages of the subsurface volcanic rock cores; stage I-U$(550{\sim}400Ka)$, stage II$(400{\sim}300Ka)$ and stage III$(300{\sim}200Ka)$ during syn-depositional stage of Seoguipo Formation, and stage IV$(200{\sim}100Ka)$ and stage V(younger than 100Ka) during post-depositional stage. In the eastern lowland of Jeju Island, compositional variations and local occurrences of the subsurface volcanic rocks as well as existences of various intercalated sediment layers (including hydrovolcanogenic clasts) suggest that the volcanism must have continued for long time intermittently and that the land has been progressively glowed from inland to coast by volcanic activities and sedimentation. It reveals that the subsurface volcanic rocks in the eastern lowland of Jeju Island must have erupted during relatively younger than 200Ka of stages IV and V. The results of this study are partly in contrast with those of previous studies. This study stresses the need that previous reported volcanic activities in Jeju Island based on K-Ar ages of volcanic rocks should be carefully reviewed, and that stratigraphic correlation from boreholes should be conducted by quantitative criteria combined with petrography and petrochemstry as well as radiometric studies of volcanic rock cores.

제주도 동부 저지대 (해발 200m 이내), 한동-종달-우도-수산-삼달-하천 지역의 20개 시추공에서 얻어진 화산암류의 암석학적 특징과 $^{40}Ar/^{39}Ar$절대연대를 보고하고, 이에 근거하여 이 지역의 지형형성과 화산활동에 대해 고찰한다. 이 지역의 지하에 분포하는 화산암류는 주로 현무암류(알칼리 현무암, 전이질 현무암, 솔리아이트질 현무암)와 솔리아이트질 안산암 및 현무암질 조면안산암으로 구성된다. 솔리아이트질, 전이질 및 알칼리암류가 서로 호층을 이루어 분포하는 것은 이 지역에서 이들 화산활동이 동시에 일어났었음을 지시한다. 특히, 조면현무암 혹은 현무암질 안산암이 이 지역의 기저부에 분포하는 점은 비교적 분화된 알칼리 화산활동이 먼저 시작되었음을 의미한다. 이 지역에 분포하는 화산암류의 $^{40}Ar/^{39}Ar$ 절대연대는 최고 $526{\pm}23Ka$에서 최저 $38{\pm}4Ka$이다. 동부 지역 저지대에서 용암류의 분출과 같은 하와이형 화산활동은 퇴적층의 관계, 화산암류의 전암 화학성분 및 $^{40}Ar/^{39}Ar$ 절대연대의 변화로 부터 다섯 단계로 구분된다. 즉, 서귀포층이 퇴적할 동안의, I-U기$(550{\sim}400Ka)$, II기$(400{\sim}300Ka)$, III기$(300{\sim}200Ka)$와 퇴적 이후 IV기$(200{\sim}100Ka)$, V기(100Ka이후)이다. 화산암류의 성분 변화 및 분포 지역의 차이 그리고 이들 시기 간에 분포하는 다양한 퇴적층(수성화산기원퇴적층 포함)의 존재는 화산활동이 오랜 기간 동안 간헐적으로 진행되었으며, 저지대의 육지지형이 화산활동 및 퇴적작용에 의해 내륙에서 해안으로 점진적으로 확대되면서 만들어졌음을 지시한다. 특히 시추코어 화산암의 $^{40}Ar/^{39}Ar$ 절대연대 자료는 제주도 동부 저지대 지역 대부분이 IV와 V 화산활동기 동안 분출된 200Ka 이내의 비교적 젊은 화산암류로 이루어져 있음을 지시한다. 이는 제주도 화산활동 시기 및 지형 형성에 대한 기존의 연구와는 상이한 결과이며, 화산암류의 K-Ar절대연대 자료를 바탕으로 한 기존의 제주도 화산활동 시기 구분이 재고되어야함을 확인하였다. 또한, 시추공에 근거한 화산 층서의 해석은 암석기재, 암석화학적 특징과 함께 절대연대 자료를 바탕으로 이루어져야 함을 강조한다.

Keywords

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