Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
권호 표지

Phylogeny and Conservation of the Genus Bupleurum in Northeast Asia with Special Reference to B. latissimum, Endemic to Ulleung Island in Korea

울릉도 고유종인 섬시호를 중심으로 동북아시아 시호속 식물의 계통과 보전생물학

  • Ahn, Jin-Kab (Division of Biological Sciences, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Hee-Cheon (Division of Biological Sciences, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Chul-Hwan (Division of Biological Sciences, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Lim, Dong-Ok (Dept. of Life Science, Honam Univ.) ;
  • Sun, Byooog-Yoon (Division of Biological Sciences, Chonbuk National University)
  • 안진갑 (전북대학교 자연과학대학 생물과학부) ;
  • 이희천 (전북대학교 자연과학대학 생물과학부) ;
  • 김철환 (전북대학교 자연과학대학 생물과학부) ;
  • 임동옥 (호남대학교 생명과학부) ;
  • 선병윤 (전북대학교 자연과학대학 생물과학부)
  • Published : 2008.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Based on external morphology, each of five species can be classified into three groups: 1) B. falcatum group (B. falcatum, B. scorzonerifolium), 2) B. euphorbioides group (B. euphorbioides) and 3) B. longiradiatum group (B. longiradiatum, B. latissimum). B. falcatum group has cauline leaves linear or lanceolate in shape and attenuate at base and not surrounding the stem. In contrast, B. longiradiatum group and B. euphorbioides group have cauline leaves ovate, lanceolate or panduriform in shape and auriculate or cordate at base and completely surrounding the stem. The inflorescence is basically compound umbels terminated at the apex of stem. But B. euphorbioides group is small in size and pedicels are rather short and the number of the pedicel is ca. 20. On the other hand, B. longiradiatum and B. falcatum groups are large in size and their pedicels are long and the number of the pedicel is around 10. The pore of pollen aperture of B. longiradiatum and B. latissimum is partially projected or not while those of B. falcatum group and B. euphorbioides is usually remarkably projected. The number of somatic chromosomes was counted as 2n=20 in B. falcatum, 2n=12 in B. scorzonerifolium and B. longiradiatum, and 2n=16 in B. euphorbioides and B. latissimum. Although chromosome numbers of B. euphorbioides and B. latissimum are the same, the two species are not likely to relate because the karyotypes of the two species are different from each other. Based on these observations, it can be concluded that B. latissimum is most closely related to B. longiradiatum. However, molecular data indicated that the species is probably related to B. bicaule distributed in central Siberia. In terms of conservation of B. latissimum, overexploitation by human and grazing by goat are most threatened factors.

외부형태에 근거하여 한반도 시호속은 시호군(시호, 참시호), 등대시호, 그리고 개시호군(개시후, 섬시호)로 구분이 가능하다. 시호군은 경생엽이 선형 또는 선상 피침형으로 기저부가 줄기를 감싸지 않는 유저인 반면, 개시호군과 등대시호는 경생엽이 난상 피침형 또는 제금형으로 기저부를 완전히 감싸는 이저 또는 전저이다. 그리고 시호군과 개시호군은 정생하는 복산형화서를 중심으로 복잡한 취산배열을 하는 반면, 등대시호는 정생하는 복산형화서를 중심으로 단순 취산배열을 하고 있다. 한편, 등대시호는 식물체가 소형이고 소회경의 길이가 짧고 그 수가 20여개 이르는 반면, 개시호군과 시호군은 식물체가 대형이며 소화경이 길게 신장하고 그 수가 10여개에 불과하다. 화분의 특징으로 섬시호와 개시호는 화분의 공구가 미약하게 발달하는 반면, 참시호, 시호 및 등대시호는 화분의 공구가 뚜렷하게 발달한다. 염색체는 시호가 2n=20, 참시호와 개시호가 2n=12, 등대시호 및 섬시호가 2n=16으로 관찰되었지만, 등대시호와 섬시호의 핵형이 달라서 서로 유연관계가 없는 것으로 나타난다. 이상에서 섬시호는 개시호와 가장 유연관계가 깊은 것으로 보이지만, 분지 분석 결과 섬시호의 유연관계는 뚜렷하게 분석 되지는 않았지만, 오히려 러시아에 분포하는 B. bicaule와 가까운 것으로 나타나고 있다. 보전생물학적 측면에서 섬시호는 인위적 남획과 방목 염소가 최대 위협요인으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Baldwin, B.G., M.J. Sanderson, J.M. Porter, M.F. Wojciechowski, C.S. Camoell and M.J. Donoghue(1995) The ITS region of muclear rivosomal DNA: a valuable source of evidence on angiosperm phylogeny. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard 82: 247-277 https://doi.org/10.2307/2399880
  2. Bang, J.W.(2002) Chromosome index to Korea native plants-2002. Chungnam Nat. Univ. pp. 54
  3. Chang, H.J. and C.C. Hsu.(1974) A cytotaxonomical study on some Formosan Liliaceae. Taiwania 19: 58-74
  4. Charkevicz, S.S.(1987) Plante vasculares orientis extremi sovietici. Leningrad. U.S.S.R. Tomus I. pp. 212-223
  5. Choi, H.K., H.J. Kim, H.C. Shin and Y.D. Kim(1996) Phylogeny and ribosomal DNA variations of Bupleurum (Umbelliferae). Kor. J. Plant Tax. Vol. 26. No 3. 219-233 https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.1996.26.3.219
  6. Darlington, C.D. and A.P. Wylie(1955) Chromosome Atlas of Flowering Plants. 2nd ed. 205. George Allen and Unwin LTD. London
  7. Doyle, J.J. and J.L. Doyle(1987) A rapid DNA isolation rocedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochem. Bull. 19: 11-15
  8. Erdtman, G.(1954) An introduction to pollen analysis. Chronica Botanica Co., pp. 204
  9. Erdtman, G.(1966) Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy. Angiosperms - An Introduction to Palynology. I - Hafner Publishing Co., N.Y., U.S.A
  10. Gibson, T., D. Higgins and Thomson(1994) Clustral X Progrom. EMBL, Heidelberg, Germang
  11. Gorovoy, P.G., L.M Ketrits and V.G. Grief(1980) A study of East Asian Bupleurum falcatum. Fedde. Repert. 91: 57-62
  12. Gorovoy, P.G. and S.A. Volkova(1987) A morphological, geographical and karyological study of East Asian Bupleurum longiradiatum Turcz. and B. sachalinense Fr. Schnidt. Fedde. Repert. 98: 383-389
  13. Hiroe, M.(1979) Umbelliferae of World. Vol. 1. Ariake Book Com., Tokyo, Japan
  14. Kim, Y.S. and C.Y. Yoon(1990) A taxanomic study on the genus Bupleurum in Korea. Kor. J. Plant Tax. 20(4): 209-242 https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.1990.20.4.209
  15. Lee, T.B.(1980) Illustrated flora of Korea. Hyangmoonsa, Seoul. Korea. pp. 577-578
  16. Lee, Y.N.(1967) Chromosome numbers of flowering plants in Korea. Jour. Kor. Cult. Res. Inst., Ewha Women's Univ. 11: 455-464
  17. Lee, W.T.(1996) Lineamenta florae Koreae. Academy book publ. Seoul
  18. Lee, W.T. and I.S. Yang(1981) The flora of Ulreung Is. and Dogdo Island. Sci. Rep. Ulreung and Dogdo Islands, pp. 61-95
  19. Levan, A., K. Fredga and A.A. Sandberg(1964) Nomenclature for centromeric position of chromosomes. Hereditas 52: 201-228 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1964.tb01953.x
  20. Mabberley, D.J.(1990) The plant-book. Cambridge University Press. Great Britain. London
  21. Nakai, T.(1917) Notulae and plantas Japonicae et Coreae XIII. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 31(361): 3-30 https://doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.31.en3
  22. Neves, S.S. and M.F. Watson(2004) Phylogenetic relationships in Bupleurum (Apiaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequence data. Ananls of Botany 93: 379-398 https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mch052
  23. Pimenov, M.G. and M.V. Leonov(1993) The genera of the Umbelliferae. A nomenclator. Roy. Bot. Gard. Kew, U.K
  24. Shishkin, B.K.(1986) Flora of the U.S.S.R. Bishen singh mahendra pal and Koeltz scientific books. Moskva-Leningrad. U.S.S.R. Vol. XVI. pp. 275-349
  25. Volkova, S.A., D.D. Basargin and P.G. Gorovoy(1994) Chromosome numbers in representatives of some families of the flora of Russian Far East. Botanical journal(Moscow & Leningrad). 79(6): 122-123
  26. Yang, G.C., M.S. Song and E.S. Jeon(2002) Flora of Isl. Ullung and Dok. Ministry of Environment