A MAC Protocol for Efficient Burst Data Transmission in Multihop Wireless Sensor Networks

멀티홉 무선 센서 네트워크에서 버스트 데이타의 효율적인 전송을 위한 프로토콜에 관한 연구

  • 노태호 (광운대학교 전자통신공학과) ;
  • 정광수 (광운대학교 전자통신공학과)
  • Published : 2008.06.15

Abstract

Multihop is the main communication style for wireless sensor networks composed of tiny sensor nodes. Until now, most applications have treated the periodic small sized sensing data. Recently, the burst traffic with the transient and continuous nature is increasingly introduced due to the advent of wireless multimedia sensor networks. Therefore, the efficient communication protocol to support this trend is required. In this paper, we propose a novel PIGAB(Packet Interval Gap based on Adaptive Backoff) protocol to efficiently transmit the burst data in multihop wireless sensor networks. The contention-based PIGAB protocol consists of the PIG(Packet Interval Gap) control algorithm in the source node and the MF(MAC-level Forwarding) algorithm in the relay node. The PIGAB is on basis of the newly proposed AB(Adaptive Backoff), CAB(Collision Avoidance Backoff), and UB(Uniform Backoff). These innovative algorithms and schemes can achieve the performance of network by adjusting the gap of every packet interval, recognizing the packet transmission of the hidden node. Through the simulations and experiments, we identify that the proposed PIGAB protocol considerably has the stable throughput and low latency in transmitting the burst data in multihop wireless sensor networks.

작은 센서 노드로 구성되는 무선 센서 네트워크는 멀티홉으로 무선 통신을 하는 주요한 특징을 가지고 있다. 지금까지의 응용은 주기적인 형태의 비교적 단순한 센싱 데이타를 취급하는 것이 대부분 이었다. 하지만 최근 새로운 형태의 일시적이고 연속적인 버스트 데이타를 멀티홉으로 전송하는 좀 더 복잡한 응용들이 대두되고 있다. 따라서 이러한 응용을 효율적으로 지원하기 위한 전송 프로토콜에 관한 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 멀티홉 환경에서 버스트 데이타의 효율적인 전송을 위한 PIGAB(Packet Interval Gap based on Adaptive Backoff) 프로토콜을 제안하였다. 경쟁 기반 프로토콜인 PIGAB은 근원지 노드에서 동작하는 PIG(Packet Interval Gap) 제어 알고리즘과 릴레이 노드에서 동작하는 MF(MAC-level Forwarding) 알고리즘으로 구성되며, 새롭게 제안된 AB(Adaptive Backoff), CAB(Collision Avoidance Backoff), 그리고 UB(Uniform Backoff)를 기반으로 동작한다. 제안된 PIGAB 프로토콜은 이러한 알고리즘과 기법을 통해 감춰진 노드의 전송 시기를 인지하여 패킷마다의 전송 시기를 조절함으로써 멀티홉 환경에서 겪는 기본적인 문제를 해결할 수 있다. 시뮬레이션과 실제 실험을 통해 PIGAB 프로토콜이 기존 방식에 비해 멀티홉 환경에서 버스트 데이타를 안정적이고 신속하게 전송하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Akyildiz, I.F., Su, W., Sankarasubramaniam, Y., and Cayirci, E., "A Survey on Sensor Networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, August 2002
  2. Akyildiz, I.F., Melodia, T., and Chowdry, K.R., "A Survey on Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks," Computer Networks Elsevier Journal, March 2007
  3. Jingbin Zhang, Gang Zhou, Sang H. Son, John A. Stankovic, "Ears on the Ground: An Acoustic Streaming Service in Wireless Sensor Networks," The 5th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks(IPSN 2006), April 2006
  4. Wei Ye, John Heidemann and Deborah Estrin, "An Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks," The 21st International Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (Infocom 2002), June 2002
  5. Alec Woo and David Culler, "A Transmission Control Schemes for Media Access in Sensor Networks," The 7th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking(Mobicom 2001), July 2001
  6. Phil Karn, "MACA - A New Channel Access Method for Packet Radio," The 9th ARRL Computer Networking Conference, September 1990
  7. Joe Polastre and David Culler, "Versatile Low Power Media Access for Wireless Sensor Networks," The 2nd ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems(SenSys 2004), November 2004
  8. M. Buettner, G. Yee, E. Anderson, R. Han, "X-MAC: A Short Preamble MAC Protocol for Duty-Cycled Wireless Sensor Networks," The 4th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems(SenSys 2006), October 2006
  9. L.F.W. van Hoesel, P.J.M. Havinga, "A Lightweight Medium Access Protocol (LMAC) for Wireless Sensor Networks: Reducing Preamble Transmissions and Transceiver State Switches," The 1st International Workshop on Networked Sensing Systems(INSS 2004), June 2004
  10. T. van Dam and K. Langendoen, "An Adaptive Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks," The 1st ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys 2003), November 2003
  11. K. Langendoen and G. Halkes, "Energy-Efficient Medium Access Control," Book Chapter in the Embedded Systems Handbook, R. Zurawski (editor), CRC Press, August 2005
  12. Crossbow MICAZ motes, http://www.xbow.com
  13. The MathWorks Inc., Matlab version 7.0.1, http:// www.mathworks.com
  14. TinyOS, http://www.tinyox.net
  15. Chipcon CC2420 radios, http://www.chipcon.com