Journal of Environmental Science International (한국환경과학회지)

The Korean Environmental Sciences Society (한국환경과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Estimation of Aerosol Radiative Forcing by AGCM

대기 대순환 모형을 이용한 에어로졸의 복사 강제 추정

  • Hong, Sung-Chul (Global Environment Research Center, National Institute Environment Research) ;
  • Chung, Il-Ung (Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Kangnung National University) ;
  • Kim, Hyung-Jin (International Pacific Research Center) ;
  • Lee, Kyu-Tae (Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Kangnung National University) ;
  • Lee, Jae-Bum (Global Environment Research Center, National Institute Environment Research)
  • Published : 2008.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Many recent studies have concentrated upon the radiative effects of atmospheric aerosols. Though their scattering and absorption of radiation, aerosols can also induce some other important environment effects. In this study, new radiation code and aerosol data within Atmosphere General Circulation Model (AGCM) is used to assess the aerosol radiative forcing and to analyze relative climate effects. The new Kangnung National University AGCM Stratospheric-15 (KNU AGCM ST15) was integrated by using two sets of radiative effect of aerosols: CTRL as not a radiative effect of aerosols and AERO as a radiative effect of aerosols. Two cases show the difference of net shortwave radiation budget at top-of-atmosphere (TOA) is found to be about $-3.4Wm^{-2}$, at the surface (SFC) is about $-5.6Wm^{-2}$. Consequently the mean atmospheric absorption due to aerosol layer in global is about $2.2Wm^{-2}$. This result confirms the existence of a negative forcing due to the direct effect of aerosols at the surface and TOA in global annual mean. In addition, it is found that cooling over at the surface air temperature due to radiative effect of aerosols is about $0.17^{\circ}C$. It is estimated that radiative forcing of the net upward longwave radiation taken as the indirect effect of aerosol is much smaller than that of the direct effect as there is about $0.2Wm^{-2}$ of positive forcing both at TOA and at SFC. From this study, It made an accurate estimation of considering effect of aerosols that is negative effect. This may slow the rate of projected global warming during the $21^{st}$ century.

Keywords

References

  1. IPCC, 2007, Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth. Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on climate change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 996pp
  2. Mitchell J. F. B., Johns T. C., 1997, On modifiction of global warming by sulfate aerosols, J. Climate, 10, 245-267 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0245:OMOGWB>2.0.CO;2
  3. Haywood J. M., Roberts D. L., Slingo A., Edwards J. M., Shine K. P., 1997, General circulation model caculations of the direct radiative forcing by anthropogenic sulfate and fossil-fuel aerosol, J. Climate, 10, 1562-1577 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<1562:GCMCOT>2.0.CO;2
  4. Penner J. E., Charlson R. J., Hales J. M., Laulainen N. S., Leifer R., Novalov T., Ogren J., Radke L. F., Schwartz S. E., Travis L., 1994, Quantifying and minimizing uncertainty of climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosol, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 375-400 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<0375:QAMUOC>2.0.CO;2
  5. Taylor K. E., Penner J. E., 1994, Response of the climate system to atmospheric aerosols and greenhouse gases, Nature, 369, 734-737 https://doi.org/10.1038/369734a0
  6. Kiehl J. T., Briegleb B. P., 1993, The relative roles of sulfate aerosols and greenhouse gases in climate forcing, Science, 260, 311-314 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.260.5106.311
  7. 김병곤, 권태영, 2006, 지상원격탐사를 이용한 에어로졸 간접효과 연구, 한국대기환경학회지, 22(2), 235-247
  8. Haywood J. M., Shine K. P., 1995, The effect of anthropogenic sulfate and soot aerosol on the clear sky planetary radiation budget, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 603-606 https://doi.org/10.1029/95GL00075
  9. Chylek P., Videen G., Ngo D., Pinnick R. G., Klett J. D., 1995, Effect of black carbon on the optical properties and climate forcing of sulfate aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 16325-16332 https://doi.org/10.1029/95JD01465
  10. Charlson R. J., Langner J., Rodhe H., Leovy C. B., Warren S. G., 1991, Perturbation of the North Hemisphere radiative balance by backscattering from anthropogenic sulfate aerosols, Tellus, 43AB, 152-163
  11. Twomey S. A., 1977, The influence of pollution on the short-wave albedo of clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1149-1152 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1977)034<1149:TIOPOT>2.0.CO;2
  12. Jones A. D., Roberts L., Slingo A., 1994, A climate model study of the indirect radiative forcing by anthropogenic sulphate aerosols, Nature, 370, 450-453 https://doi.org/10.1038/370450a0
  13. Tegen L., Hollrig P., Chin M., Fung I., Jacob D., Penner J., 1997, Contribution of different aerosol species to the global aerosol extinction optical thickness: Estimates from model result, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 23895-23915 https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD01864
  14. Liousse C., Penner J. E., Chuang C., Walton J. J., Eddleman H., Cachier H., 1996, A global three-dimensional model of the tropospheric sulfur cycle. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 19411-19, 432 https://doi.org/10.1029/95JD03426
  15. Langner J., Rohde H., 1991, A global three-dimensional model of the tropospheric sulfur cycle, J. Atmos. Chem, 13, 225-263 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00058134
  16. Chou M. D., Chan P. K., Wang M., 2002, Aerosol radiative forcing derived from SeaWiFS-retrieved aerosol optical properties, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 748-757 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0748:ARFDFS>2.0.CO;2
  17. IPCC, 2001, Climate Change 2000: The science of climate change. Contribution of working group I to the third assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 339pp
  18. Boucher O., Tanr'e, 2000, Estimation of the aerosol perturbation to he Earth's radiative budget over oceans deduced from POLDER satellite aerosol retrievals, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1103-1105 https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL010963
  19. Kim D., Ramanathan V., 2008, Solar radiation budget and radiative forcing due to aerosols and clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 113(D2), DOI: 10.1029/2007JD008434
  20. Yu S., Zender C. S., Saxena V. K., 2001, Direct radiative forcing and atmospheric absorption by boundary layer aerosols in the southeastern US: model estimates on the basis of new observations, Atmos. Env., 35(23), 2967-3977
  21. Christopher S. A., Zhang J., 2004, Cloud-free shortwave aerosol radiative effect over oceans: Strategies for identifying anthropogenic forcing from Terra satellite measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L18101, DOI:10.1029/2004GL020510
  22. Chang L. S., Park S. U., 2004, Direct radiative forcing due to anthropogenic aerosols in East Asia during April 2001, Atmospheric Environment, 38, 4467-4482 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.006
  23. 환경부, 과학기술처, 1997, 기후 변화 예측 기술, G7 프로젝트 제2단계 1차년도 보고서
  24. 환경부, 1998, 기후 변화 예측 기술, G7 프로젝트 제2단계 2차년도 보고서
  25. 환경부, 1999, 기후 변화 예측 기술, G7 프로젝트 제2단계 3차년도 보고서
  26. Arakawa A., Lamb V., 1997, Computational design of the basic dynamical process of the UCLA general circulation model, In Methods in Computational Physics, Vol.17, J. Chang, Ed., Academic Press, 173-265
  27. Phillips N. A., 1957, A coordinate system having some special advantages for numerical forecasting, J. Meteor., 14, 184-185 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1957)014<0184:ACSHSS>2.0.CO;2
  28. Fiorino M., 1997, AMIP II sea surface temperature and sea ice concentration: observations, http://wwwpcmdi.llnl.gov/projects/amip/AMIP2EXPDSN/BCS_OBS/amip2_bcs.htm
  29. Wang W. C., Liang X. Z., Dudek M. P., Polland D., Thompson S. L., 1995, Atmospheric ozone as a climate gas, Atm. Res., 37, 247-256 https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-8095(94)00080-W
  30. Liang X. Z., Wang W. C., Boyle J. S., 1997, Atmospheric ozone climatology for use in general circulation models, PCMDI Report No. 43, UCRL-MI-125650, 25pp
  31. Gates W. L., Nelson A. B., 1975, A new tabulation of the Scripps topography on a 1$\circ$ global grid. Part I: Terrain heights, R-1276-2-ARPA, The Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, 132pp
  32. IPCC, 1995, Climate change 1995: The Science of Climate Change, Contribution of working group I to the third assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 572pp
  33. Chou M. D., Suarez M. J., 1999, A shortwave radiation parameterization for atmospheric studies, NASA/TM-1999-104606, 15, 42pp
  34. Chou M. D., Liang X. Z., Suarez M. J., Yan M. M. H., 2001, A thermal infrared radiation parameterization for atmospheric studies, NASA/TM-2001-104606, 19, 55pp

Cited by

  1. An Analysis of Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing Using Satellite Data in East Asia During 2001-2010 vol.22, pp.8, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2013.22.8.1053