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Changes of Physicochemical Components and Antioxidant Activity of Aged Garlic at Different Temperatures

숙성 온도에 따른 마늘의 이화학적 성분 및 항산화 활성의 변화

  • Shin, Jung-Hye (Dept. of Hotel Culinary Arts & Bakery, Namhae College) ;
  • Choi, Duck-Joo (Dept. of Hotel Culinary Arts, Jaineung College) ;
  • Chung, Mi-Ja (The Nutraceutical Bio Brain Korea 21 Project Group, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kang, Min-Jung (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Life Scineces, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Sung, Nak-Ju (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Life Scineces, Gyeongsang National University)
  • 신정혜 (남해대학 호텔조리제빵과) ;
  • 최덕주 (재능대학 호텔조리외식과) ;
  • 정미자 (강원대학교 BK 21 사업단(뉴트라슈티컬바이오)) ;
  • 강민정 (경상대학교 식품영양학과.농업생명과학연구원) ;
  • 성낙주 (경상대학교 식품영양학과.농업생명과학연구원)
  • Published : 2008.09.30

Abstract

Garlics were aged at 60, 70, 80, and $90^{\circ}C$ for 1, 3 and 6 days. Samples were analyzed for physico-chemical components and antioxidant activities, such as DPPH scavenging activity and reducing power of hot water and ethanol extracts. The Hunter L, a and b values were significantly lower in sample aged at higher temperature and for longer time. In initiation of aging, the share force was the lowest in sample aged at $90^{\circ}C(85.70{\pm}1.44\;kg/cm^2)$ and it increased for 6 days to $411.30{\pm}13.90\;kg/cm^2$ in aging. The pH of garlic was acidified at increasing aged temperature and periods. In sample aged for 6 days at $60^{\circ}C$ and $90^{\circ}C$, pH was 6.12 and 3.90, respectively. Contents of total phenolics and flavonoids also increased in sample aged at higher temperature and for longer time. Their contents increased about 3.5 and 9.1 times higher in sample aged for 6 days at $90^{\circ}C$ than sample aged for 6 days at $60^{\circ}C$, respectively. Total pyruvate contents were fluctuated by aging temperature and periods. DPPH scavenging activity was increased in sample aged at higher temperature and longer time. The highest activity of DPPH scavenging showed $87.48{\pm}0.20%$ in sample aged for 6 days at $90^{\circ}C$. Similar results were observed in reducing power activity. It was estimated that such increases in anti-oxidant activities in aged garlics may come from actions of phenolics, flavonoids and browning compounds in them.

열처리 온도를 달리한 마늘의 이화학적 성분 및 항산화활성을 비교하고자 통마늘을 지퍼백에 $400{\pm}20\;g$씩 넣어 60, 70, 80 및 $90^{\circ}C$로 조절한 incubate에 숙성하면서 1, 3, 6일에 시료를 취하여 이화학적 분석을 실시하였으며 각 열수 및 에탄올 추출물의 DPPH에 대한 전자공여능과 환원력을 통하여 항산화활성을 분석하였다. 열처리 온도를 달리하여 숙성한 마늘의 L, a 및 b값 모두 숙성온도가 높을수록 숙성기간이 경과할수록 유의적으로 낮아졌는데, $60^{\circ}C$에서 6일간 숙성한 시료의 b값은 $22.16{\pm}0.76$이었으나 $90^{\circ}C$ 숙성 시료는 $1.35{\pm}0.21$로 급격히 낮아졌다. 전단가의 경우 숙성 초기에는 $90^{\circ}C$ 숙성 시료가 $85.70{\pm}1.44\;cm/kg^2$로 가장 낮았으나 숙성기간이 경과할수록 경도가 증가하여 숙성 6일에는 $411.30{\pm}13.90\;cm/kg^2$으로 증가하였다. 마늘의 pH는 숙성온도가 높을수록 숙성 기간이 경과할수록 산성화되었는데 6일 숙성 후 $60^{\circ}C$$90^{\circ}C$ 시료의 pH는 각각 6.12와 3.90으로 큰 차이를 보였다. 총페놀과 플라보노이드의 함량은 숙성온도가 높을수록 숙성 기간이 경과할수록 증가하여 숙성 6일 시료의 경우 $60^{\circ}C$ 숙성 시료에 비하여 $90^{\circ}C$ 숙성 시료에서 총 페놀은 약 3.5배, 플라보노이드는 약 9.1배 더 높은 함량이었다. Total pyruvate의 경우 숙성 온도에 따라 증감의 경향이 서로 상이하여 $60^{\circ}C$$70^{\circ}C$ 숙성 시료에서는 숙성기간 1일과 6일을 비교할 때 더 감소하였으나 $80^{\circ}C$$90^{\circ}C$ 숙성 시료의 경우 숙성 6일에 오히려 그 값이 유의적으로 증가되었다. DPPH에 대한 항산화활성은 마늘의 숙성 온도가 높을수록, 숙성 기간이 경과할수록, 농도가 진할수록 증가하여 $90^{\circ}C$, 6일 숙성 시료의 항산화활성은 $87.48{\pm}0.20%$로 타 시료의 $43.61{\sim}55.76%$ 보다 월등히 높았고 환원력도 이와 동일한 경향이었다. 이처럼 항산화 활성이 증가하는 것은 마늘의 숙성온도가 높을수록 숙성 기간이 경과할수록 갈변화 물질의 생성이 많아지고, 이에 따라 총페놀과 플라보노이드 함량이 증가하는 것으로 볼 때 마늘 중의 항산화성 갈변 물질의 증가에 기인하는 결과로 판단된다.

Keywords

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