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Mechanism of Apoptosis Induced by Spermine in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

MCF-7 유방암 세포주에 있어서 spermine에 의해 유도된 세포사멸 기작

  • Jang, Eun-Seong (Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University) ;
  • Kim, Byeong-Gee (Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University)
  • 장은성 (부산대학교 자연대 생물학과) ;
  • 김병기 (부산대학교 자연대 생물학과)
  • Published : 2008.09.30

Abstract

In the present work, we show that spermine (spm)-induced cytotoxicity is due to the mitochondrial-dependent pathway triggered by the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ increase in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Spm induced the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ increase in a dose-dependent manner in the medium containing 1.5 mM $Ca^{2+}$. Even in the $Ca^{2+}$-free medium, spm could induce a minor $Ca^{2+}$ increase in a dose-dependent fashion, suggesting a probable leak from the internal storage. The cytotoxic effect of $Ca^{2+}$ could be further proved by using either BAPTA or ionophore. Spm-induced $Ca^{2+}$ increase led to the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol and the change of mitochondrial membrane potential. In MCF-7 cells, caspase-7 plays a key role in the downstream of apoptosis because caspase-3 is absent. In the cells treated with spm, the cleavage of caspase-7 and -12 was increased almost two-fold. The level of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein decreased to 35% of the control; however, the cells showed increased expression of pro-apoptotic Bax protein about two-fold in response to spm. These results imply that the apoptotic signaling pathway activated by spm is likely to be mediated via the mitochondrial-dependent pathway.

폴리아민은 미생물에서부터 동.식물에 이르기 까지 모든 세포들에서 발견되는 극성을 띈 분자이다. 세포의 성장과 분화에 폴리아민이 중요한 역할을 한다는 것은 이미 오래 전부터 알려져 온 사실이나 정확한 작용 기작은 잘 밝혀져 있지 않다. 최근에 와서는 폴리아민이 다양한 방법으로 세포 독성을 유발한다는 결과가 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 spm의 세포독성 효과가 세포 내 칼슘이온 농도 증가에 따른 미토콘드리아-의존 기작에 의하여 일어난다는 것을 보여준다. Spm에 의해 유도된 세포 내 칼슘이온 농도 증가는 주로 외부로부터의 칼슘 유입에 의한 것으로 생각되며, 세포 내 칼슘 증가는 미토콘드리아로부터의 cytochrome c 방출과 미토콘드리아막의 탈분극에 의한 membrane potential 변화를 초래하였다. 세포사멸에 주도적인 역할을 하는 caspase의 확인에 있어서는, MCF-7 세포는 caspase-3이 결핍되어서 caspase-7이 중심적인 역할을 하는 것으로 이미 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서 확인 한 결과 spm 처리 시 caspase-7과 -12가 활성화되었다. 또한 세포사멸 조절 단백질인 Bcl-2 종류 단백질들의 발현을 조사 한 결과 세포사멸 억제 단백질인 Bcl-2의 발현은 크게 억제되었으며, 촉진단백질인 Bax는 spm 처리시 단백질 양이 거의 2배로 증가되었다. 이상의 결과에 의하면, spm에 의해 유도되는 세포사멸과정은 세포질 내 칼슘이온 농도 증가에 의한 미토콘드리아의 변화가 주도적인 역할을 하는 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

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