DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Drying Conditions on the Profile of Volatile Terpenoid and Colour of Schizandra Fruit(Schizandra Chinensis fructus)

건조 조건이 오미자의 휘발성 terpene류 및 색도에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Yun-Je (School of Applied Life Science, Pusan National University) ;
  • Lee, Young-Guen (School of Applied Life Science, Pusan National University) ;
  • Choi, Young-Whan (School of Life Source Science, Pusan National University) ;
  • Kim, Yong-Chul (School of Life Source Science, Pusan National University)
  • 김윤제 (부산대학교 생명응용과학부) ;
  • 이영근 (부산대학교 생명응용과학부) ;
  • 최영환 (부산대학교 생명자원과학부) ;
  • 김용철 (부산대학교 생명자원과학부)
  • Published : 2008.08.30

Abstract

Schizandra fruit (Schizandra chinensis fructus) were dried by three processes, $50^{\circ}C$ (50HAD), $70^{\circ}C$ hot air (70HAD) and freeze drying process (FRD). Terpenoid were collected by SDE(Simultaneous Steam Distillation-Extraction) and followed by GC-MSD analysis. Also colour profile of each dried samples were measured by Hunter colorimeter. From fresh schizandra fruit, were detected 15 kinds of monoterpene, 28 kinds of sesquiterpene and 7 kinds of terpene alcohol. Myrcene(56.97 ${\mu}g/g$) and ${\gamma}$-terpinene(58.49 ${\mu}g/g$) were the major monoterpenes, ${\beta}$-elemene(120.16 ${\mu}g/g$), ${\alpha}$-bergamotene (103.45 ${\mu}g/g$), ${\gamma}$-selinene (75.97 ${\mu}g/g$), ${\beta}$-cubebene(66.69 ${\mu}g/g$), aristolene (51.25 ${\mu}g/g$) and ${\alpha}$-ylangene(28.06 ${\mu}g/g$) were the sesquiterpenes, and T-muurolol (96.45 ${\mu}g/g$) and terpinen-4-ol(46.02 ${\mu}g/g$) were the terpene alcohols. The dried samples lost more than half of terpenoid content of fresh schizandra fruit during early stage of drying process, and then the level of terpenoid content was not significantly changed. The content of sesquiterpenes appeared to increase until 6 day of FRD. The amount of residual terpene alcohols contained in schizandra fruit dried by FRD was more than those remained after drying by other processes, and schizandra fruit dried by 70HAD exhibited the least residual terpene alcohols. Brightness parameter $L^{\ast}$ decreased with the rise in the level of drying temperature, to which redness parameter $a^{\ast}$ and yellowness $b^{\ast}$ appeared to be similar.

오미자의 건조공정에 의한 휘발성 terpene류와 색의 변화를 조사하기 위하여, 건조조건을 $50^{\circ}C$$70^{\circ}C$의 열풍건조, $-70^{\circ}C$의 진공동결건조의 3종 건조방법으로 건조한 후 SDE 연속추출장치로 terpene류를 추출하여 GC/MS로 분석하고, 각 건조된 오미자를 마쇄한 분말의 색도를 Hunter colorimeter로 측정하였다. 생오미자의 GC/MS 분석 결과, 15종의 monoterpene류, 28종의 sesquiterpene류 및 7종의 terpene alcohol류가 확인되었으며, 또한 myrcene (56.97 ${\mu}g/g$)과 ${\gamma}-terpinene$ (58.49 ${\mu}g/g$)이 monoterpene류, ${\beta}-elemene$ (120.16 ${\mu}g/g$), ${\alpha}$-bergamotene ($103.45{\mu}g/g$), ${\gamma}$-selinene (75.97 ${\mu}g/g$), ${\beta}$-cubebene (66.69 ${\mu}g/g$), aristolene (51.25 ${\mu}g/g$) 및 ${\alpha}$-ylangene (28.06 ${\mu}g/g$) 등이 sesquiterpene류, 그리고 T-muurolol (96.45 ${\mu}g/g$)과 terpinen-4-ol (46.02 ${\mu}g/g$)이 terpene alcohol류의 주성분이었다. 건조과정의 초기에 생오미자 terpene류의 절반 이상이 감소되었으며, 이후 건조기간의 경과에 따른 추가적 감소는 아주 적었다. 또한 총 terpene류의 절반 이상을 차지하는 sesquiterpene류의 함량은 진공동결건조에서는 소량 증가하다 6일 이후 감소하는 패턴을 보였다. 그리고 terpene alcohol류는 진공동결건조한 시료에서 그 함량이 비교적 많이 남았으나, 고온인 $70^{\circ}C$에서 열풍건조한 시료에서는 가장 적게 남아 있었다. 건조방법에 따른 L값은 동결건조, $50^{\circ}C$ 열풍건조, $70^{\circ}C$ 열풍건조 순서로 높았으며, a값 및 b값도 동결건조에서 가장 높았으며 $70^{\circ}C$ 열풍건조에서 가장 낮게 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. Berns, R. S. 2001. Principles of color technology. pp. 82-87, 3rd eds., John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York
  2. Calcabrini, A., A. Stringaro, L. Toccacieli, S. Meschini, M. Marra, M. Colone, G. Salvatore, F. Mondello, G. Aracia and A. Molinari. 2004. Terpinen-4-ol, the main component of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil inhibits the in vitro growth of human melanoma cells. J. Invest. Dermatol. 122, 349-360 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-202X.2004.22236.x
  3. Carson, C. F. and T. V. Riley. 1995. Antimicrobial activity of the major components of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 78, 264-269 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1995.tb05025.x
  4. Edwards, P. B., W. J. Wanjura and W. V. Brown. 1993. Selective herbivory by Christmas beetles in response to intraspecific variation in Eucalyptus terpenoids. Oecologia 95, 551-557 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00317440
  5. Flora, L. F. 1976 . Time temperature on 'Muscadin' grape juice quality. J. Food Sci. 41, 1312-1316 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1976.tb01160.x
  6. Hart, P. H., C. Brand, C. F. Carson, T. V. Riley, R. H. Prager and J. J. Finlay-Jones. 2000. Terpinen-4-ol, the main component of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil), suppresses inflammatory mediator production by activated human monocytes. Inflamm. Res. 49, 619-626 https://doi.org/10.1007/s000110050639
  7. Hikino, H., Y. Kiso, H. Taguchi and Y. Ikeya. 1984. Antihepatotoxic actions of lignoids from Schizandra chinensis fruits. Planta Medica. 50, 213-217 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-969681
  8. Im, M. H., Y. K. Yoo and Y. S. Park. 2003. Effects of drying conditions on changes of flower olor and diameter in Gerbera hybrida after drting. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 44, 102-106
  9. Jang, E. H., Y. H. Pyo and M. S. Ahn. 1996. Antioxidant effect of Omija (Schizandra chinensis Baillon) extracts. Korean J. Soc. Food Sci. 12, 372-376
  10. John, W. 1980. Developments in food colour-1. pp. 27-45. Applied Science Publishers Ltd., London
  11. Juergens, U. R., M. Stober, L. Schmidt-Schilling, T. Kleuver and H. Vetter. 1998. Antiinflammatory effects of eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) in bronchial asthma: inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism in human blood monocytes ex vivo. Eur. J. Med. Res. 3, 407-412
  12. Jung, G. T., I. O. Ju, J. S. Choi and J. S. Hong. 2000. The antioxidative, antimicrobial and nitrite scavenging effects of Schizandra chinensis RUPRECHT (Omija) seed. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 32, 928-935
  13. Kil, B. S., K. W. Yun, S. Y. Lee and D. M. Han. 1994. Influence of chemicals from Artemisia argyi on the growth of selected species of plants and microorganisms. Korean J. Ecol. 17, 23-35
  14. Kim, H. K., G. M. Na, S. H. Ye and H. S. Han. 2004. Extraction characteristics and antioxidative activity of Schizandra chinensis extracts. Korean J. Food Culture 19, 484-490
  15. Kim, K. S., J. S. Song and J. K. Bang. 2000. Changes in volatile compounds of Schizandra chinensis fruits according to drying and extracting methods. Korean J. Medicinal Crop Sci. 8, 49-57
  16. Kim, O. C. and H. J. Jang. 1994. Volatile components of Schizandra chinensis Baillon. Korean J. Agric. Chem. & Biotech. 39, 30-36
  17. Kim, Y. S., Y. S. Park and M. H. Lim. 2003. Antimicrobial activity of Prunus mume and Schizandra chinensis H-20 extracts and effects on quality of functional Kochujang. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 35, 893-897
  18. Koller, W. D. 1988. Problems with the flavour of herbs and spices. In Frontiers of Flavor. Proceeding of the 5th international flavor conference. Charalambous, G. (Ed.), Elsevier Science Publishers Co., Inc., Amsterdam, Netherlands. 123
  19. Lahlou, S., A. F. Figueiredo, P. J. Caldas Magalhães and J. H. Leal-Cardoso. 2002. Cardiovascular effects of 1,8-cineole, a terpenoid oxide present in many plant essential oils, in normotensive rats. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 80, 1125-1131 https://doi.org/10.1139/y02-142
  20. Lahlou, S., L. F. Leal-Interaminense, J. H. Leal-Cardoso and G. P. Duarte. 2003. Antihypertensive effects of the essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet and its main constituent, terpinen- 4-ol, in DOCA-salt hypertensive conscious rats. Blackwell Publishing Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology 17, 323-330 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-8206.2003.00150.x
  21. Lee, J. S. and S. W. Lee. 1989. A study on the compositions of free sugars, lipids, and nonvolatile organic acids in parts of Omija (Schizandra chinensis Baillon). Korean J. Diet Culture 4, 177-179
  22. Lee, J. S. and S. W. Lee. 1990. Effect of extracts in fruits of Omija (Schizandra chinensis baillon) on alcohol metabolism. Korean J. Diet. Culture 5, 259-263
  23. Lee, J. Y., Y. K. Min and H. Y. Kim. 2001. Isolation of antimicrobial substance from Schizandra chinensis Baillon and antimicrobial effect. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 33, 389-394
  24. Lee, L. S. and J. W. Rhim. Thermal kinetics color changes of purple sweet potato anthocyanin pigment. Kor. J. Food Sci. Technol. 29, 497-501
  25. Lee, M. S. and H. S. Choi. 1996. Volatile flavor components of Capsella bursa-pastoris as influenced by drying methods. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 28, 814-821
  26. Li, X., G. Wang, H. Ding, C. Cunnigham, F. Chen, D. C. Flynn, E. Reed and Q. Q. Li. 2005. Antiproliferative effect of $\beta$-elemene in chemoresistant ovarian carcinoma cells is mediated through arrest of the cell cycle at the G2-M phase. Cellular & Molecular Life Sci. 62, 894-904 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-005-5027-1
  27. Nakajima, K., H. Taguchi, Y. Ikeya, T. Endo and I. Yosioka. 1983. The constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baillon. XIII. Quantitative analysis of lignans in the fruits of Schizandra chinensis Baillon by high performance liquid chromatography. Japan J. Pharm. Soc. 103, 743-749 https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi1947.103.7_743
  28. Oh, S. L., S. S. Kim, B. Y. Min and D. H. Chung. 1990. Composition of free sugars, free amino acids, non-volatile oraganic acids and tannins in the extracts of L. chinensis M., A. acutiloba K., S. chinensis B. and A. sessiliflorum S. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 22, 76-81
  29. Peng, X., Y. Zhao, X. Liang, L. Wu, S. Cui, A. Guo and W. Wang. 2006. Assessing the quality of RCTs on the effect of $\beta$-elemene, one ingredient of a Chinese herb, against malignant tumors. Contemporary Clinical Trials 27, 70-82 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2005.07.002
  30. Ponting, J. D., D. W. Sanshuck and J. E. Brekke. 1960. Color measurement and deterioration in grape and berry juices and concentrates. Food Res. 25, 471-476 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1960.tb00356.x
  31. Santos, F. A. and V. S. N. Rao. 2001. 1,8-cineole, a food flavoring agent, prevents ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats. Dig. Dis. Sci. 46, 331-337 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005604932760
  32. Song, C. E., Y. J. Park and B. G. Heo. 2001. Stability of anthocyanins from flowers of Lycoris radiata as natural colorants. J. Life Sci. Nat. Res. 23, 27-32
  33. Southwell, I. A., A. J. Hayes, J. L. Markham and D. N. Leach. 1993. The search for optimally bioactive Australian tea tree oil. Acta. Hortic. 334, 265-275
  34. Wang, G., X. Li, F. Huang, J. Zhao, H. Ding, C. Cunningham, J. E. Coad, D. C. Flynn, E. Reed and Q. Q. Li. 2005. Antitumor effect of $\beta$-elemene in non-small-cell lung cancer cells is mediated via induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. Cellular & Molecular Life Sci. 62, 881-893

Cited by

  1. Effects of drying methods on quality characteristics and antioxidative effects of Omija (Schizandra chinesis bailon) vol.21, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2014.21.3.341
  2. The Compositions of Volatiles and Aroma-Active Compounds in DriedOmijaFruits (Schisandra chinensisBaillon) According to the Cultivation Areas vol.59, pp.15, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf200762h
  3. Identification of active components from volatiles of Chinese bayberry, Myrica rubra attractive to Drosophila suzukii vol.12, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-018-9595-z