A Study of Obstacles to Implementing Family-friendly Policies & Offering Flexible Work Arrangements

기업의 가족친화제도 시행의 장애요인과 탄력적 근무제도 활성화 방안에 관한 연구

  • Han, Ji-Sook (Dept. of Child & Family Studies, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee Univ.) ;
  • Yoo, Gye-Sook (Dept. of Child & Family Studies, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee Univ.)
  • 한지숙 (경희대학교 생활과학대학 아동가족) ;
  • 유계숙 (경희대학교 생활과학대학 아동가족)
  • Published : 2009.10.31

Abstract

This study investigates the obstacles to implementing family-friendly policies and offering flexible work arrangements and provides policy directions. A survey was conducted of employers at 147 firms, resulting in 42-43 questionnaires being statistically analyzed. Frequencies, means and factor analysis were conducted by SPSSWIN 12.0. The findings are as follows: First, the main obstacle to implementing family-friendly policies was the burden of cost. Second, eight obstacle factors were extracted through factor analysis. They are; lack of replacement workers and concerns about equity issues, nonfamily-friendly culture, no guarantee of the effectiveness of programs, lack of information about the programs or polices, lack of communication and public relations, potential loss of productivity, administrative hassles, and structural obstacles. Third, there was a difference in implementing flexible work arrangements according to the factors of lack of replacement workers and concerns about equity issues and no guarantee of the effectiveness of programs. That is, the firms which didn't have these two obstacles tried to implement flexible work arrangements more than the others.

Keywords

References

  1. 강정희.박경숙(2009). 가족친화적 기업복지제도 이용가능 정도가 기혼여성근로자의 직무만족에 미치는 영향. 대한가정학회지, 47(4), 83-98
  2. 강혜련.최서연(2001). 기혼여성 직장-가정 갈등의 예측변수와 결과변수에 관한 연구. 한국심리학회지;여성, 6(1), 23-42
  3. 경향신문(2007). 국내기업 15% '탄력근무제도 시행'. 2007. 8. 31
  4. 기은광.이기영(2003). 맞벌이 부부의 가사노동공평성 인지와 그 영향요인에 관한 연구. 한국가정관리학회지, 21(5), 61-75
  5. 김경희.반정호.이정훈(2008). 가족친화 고용정책의 기업 수용성 분석: 유연근로제도를 중심으로. 산업노동연구, 14(2), 23-58
  6. 김선정(2005). 직장과 가정간의 갈등이 직무성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 개인특성과 사회적 지원의 조절효과를 중심으로. 홍익대학교 대학원 석사학위 논문
  7. 김은환.진현.예지은.이상우(2007). 좋은 기업문화 만들기. CEO information. 삼성경제연구소
  8. 김태홍.고인아(2001). 가족친화적 고용현황과 활성화 방안. 여성개발원 연구보고서
  9. 대한상공회의소(2006). 가족친화경영 현황과 개선과제. 조사보고서
  10. 송명희(2006). '산전후휴가 미활용 실태조사 및 노동시장복귀 활성화 방안에 관한 연구.' 보건복지부 학술용역결과보고서
  11. 안병철(2004). 기업의 가족 친화적 제도에 대한 일 고찰: 등장배경, 도입목적, 현황을 중심으로. 사회복지정책, 19, 71-83
  12. 여성부(2008). 여성가족통계연보 제3호
  13. 유계숙(2008). 가족친화제도의 시행에 영향을 미치는 기업의 특징. 한국가족관계학회, 13(1), 249-270
  14. 유계숙.전혜정.최성일.김병석.장보현.한지숙(2006). 출산.양육친화경영 활성화 방안 연구. 보건복지부 용역연구보고서
  15. 유계숙.한지숙.안은진.최효진(2007). 가족친화 기업경영의 성과에 관한 연구: 근로자와 기업문화에 미치는 영향을 중심으로. 한국노동연구원 부설 뉴패러다임 센터
  16. 이민우.이영진.한재창(2008). 가족친화제도 도입을 결정하는 선행요인 및 결과에 관한 연구. 노동정책연구, 8(4), 183-214
  17. 이숙현.서혜영(2002). 기혼남성의 삶의 질에 관한 연구, 가족과 문화, 14(2). 3-30
  18. 이요행.방묘진.오세진(2005). 가족친화적 조직문화가 조직몰입, 직장만족, 이직의도, 그리고 가정만족에 미치는 영향: 직장-가정 갈등을 매개효과를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 18(3), 639-657
  19. 이정일.김태정.김성훈.류원수(2008). 장시간 근로실태와 개선방안; 제조업을 중심으로. CEO Information. 삼성경제연구소
  20. 인구보건복지협회(2008). 2008년 세계인구현황 보고서
  21. 임인숙(2003). 한국기업의 가족친화적 제도의 한계-취업여성을 위한 육아지원제도를 중심으로. 가족과 문화, 15(3), 63-86
  22. 장희정.이기숙(2008). 가족친화제도에 대한 기혼 남성의 요구도 실태조사. 한국가족복지학, 13(4), 103-121
  23. 저출산.고령사회위원회(2006). 새로마지 플랜 2010. 2006-2010 저출산 고령사회기본계획
  24. 전지현(2004). 취업모의 직장-가정 갈등이 조직성과에 미치는 영향: 기업의 가족지원제도의 조절효과를 중심으로. 연세대학교 사회복지대학원 석사논문
  25. 정영금(2002). 여성인적자원 활용을 위한 가족친화 정책의 적용. 대한가정학회지, 40(11), 107-118
  26. 정영금(2004). 가족친화적 정책을 통한 일-가족 균형에 관한 연구. 한국가정관리학회지, 22(5), 91-100
  27. 정영금(2005). 기혼취업여성의 일-가족 갈등과 여파에 관한 연구. 한국가정관리학회지, 23(4), 113-122
  28. 정영금(2006). 기혼취업여성의 일-가족 균형감과 지원용이도/요구도에 관한 연구. 한국가정관리학회지, 24(2), 107-118
  29. 정영금(2006). 일-가족 균형의 촉진 요인 분석 및 교육내용 개발. 한국가정관리학회지, 24(6), 131-145
  30. 조희금.이기영.이연숙.김외숙(2000). 한일양국 전일제 맞벌이 부부의 수입노동시간 분석. 한국가정관리학회지, 18(2), 1-14
  31. 최숙희.김정우(2005). 외환위기 이후 저출산의 원인분석. Issue Paper. 삼성경제연구소
  32. 최은정(2005). 영국기업의 가족친화적 정책. 가족과 기업. 서울:신정
  33. 통계청(2007). 사회통계 조사 결과
  34. 한지숙(2007). 근로자의 성역할 태도와 일-가족 지향성이 일-가족 갈등 및 촉진과 가족친화제도 이용에 미치는 영향. 경희대학교 대학원 석사학위 논문
  35. 황수경(2008). 파트타임 등 일.가정양립형 고용확대의 필요성과 활성화 방안. 남녀고용평등 토론회 자료집, 3-17
  36. Arthur, M., & Cook, A.(2003). The relationships between work-family human resource practices and firm profitability: A multitheoretical perspective. Research in Personal and Human Resources Management, 22, 219-252 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-7301(03)22005-3
  37. Bailyn, L.(1993). Breaking the mold: Women, men, and time in the new corporate world. N.Y.: The Free Press
  38. Bailyn, L., Rapoport, R., Kolb, D., Fletcher, J., et al.(1996).Relinking work and family: a catalyst for organisational change. Working paper 3892-96. MIT Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA
  39. Bevan, S., Kettley, P. & Patch, A.(1996). Who Cares? The Business Benefits of Carer-friendly Practices. The Institute for Employment Studies
  40. Boyer, I.(1993). Flexible Working for Managers. The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants, London
  41. Burns, J.(2002). 'EEO Trust Diversity Index 2002.' Auckland:Equal Employment Opportunities Trust
  42. Casey, B., Metcalf, N. & Millward, N.(1997). Employers Use of Frexible Labour. Policy Studies Institute. London
  43. CCC(1993). Corporate Culture and Caring: The Business Case for Family-friendly Provision. Business in the Community. with Institute of Personnel and Development
  44. Cummings, B.(2001). Sales ruined my personal life. Sales & Marketing Management, 153(11), 44-51
  45. EIRO(2005). Study confirms positive impact of work-life balance policy. 2005.8.11
  46. Fisher, A.(2001). Is your business taking over your life? Fortune Small Business, 11(9), 32-40
  47. Forth, J., Lissenburgh, S., Callender, C. & Millward, N.(1996). Family-friendly Working Arrangements in Britain. Research report no. 16, Department for Education and Employment, London
  48. Fried, M.(1998). Taking Time: Parental leave Policy and corporate culture. Philiadelphia: Temple University Press
  49. Gallinsky, E.., Bond, J. T., & Sakai, K.(2008). National Study of Employers 1998-2008. Family and Work Institute. http://www.familiesandwork.org/
  50. Galinsky, E., Friedman, D. E., & Hernandez, C. A.(1991). The corporate reference guide to work-family programs. Families and Work Institute
  51. Greenhaus, J. H., & Powell, G. N.(2003). When work and family collide: Deciding between competing role demands. Organizational Behaivor and Human Decision Processes, 90(2), 291-303 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-5978(02)00519-8
  52. Guest, D. & Davey, K. M.(1996). Don't write off the traditional career. People Management 2(4), 22-25
  53. Hall, D. T. & Parker, V. A.(1993). The role of workplace flexibility and management diversity. Organisational Dynamics, 22(1), 4-18
  54. Healy, G. & Kraitman, D.(1996). Different careers equal professionals: women on teaching. In Women in Organisations: Challenging Gender Politics, eds S. Ledwirth and F. Colgan. Macmillan, N.Y.
  55. Hegewischm A., & Gornick, J. C.(2008). Statutory routes to workplace flexibility in cross-national perspective. Institute for Women's Policy Research. http://www.iwpr.org/pdf/B258workplaceflex.pdf
  56. Heiland, F. & Macpherson, D. A.(2004). Do family-friendly firms perform better? The 2004 Annual Meetings of the Southern Economics Association
  57. Hochschild, A.R.(1997). The time bind: When work become home and home becomes work. N.Y.: Metropolitan
  58. Holterman, S.(1995). The costs and benefits to British employer measures to promote equal opportunity. Gender, Work and Organisations 2(3), 102-112 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0432.1995.tb00033.x
  59. Kamerman, Sheila B., & Kahn, A.J.(1992). Child care, family benefits and working parents : A Study in comparative policy. N.Y. : Columbia University Press
  60. Lewis, S. & Lewis, J.(1996). The Work-Family Challenge:Rethinking Employment. Sage Publication. London
  61. Marks, S. & McDermid, S.(1996). 'Multiple Roles and the Self: A Theory of Role Balance,'. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, 135-164
  62. Morgan, H. & Miliken, F. J.(1992). Keys to action understanding differences in organisational responses to work family issues. Human Resource Management 31, 227-248 https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.3930310308
  63. National Alliance for Caregiving & AARP(2004). Caregiving in the U.S. Bethesda, MD : Author, p. 12. Retrieved December 2005, from http://www.caregiving.org/04finalreport.pdf
  64. NWW(1992). Change at the Top: Working Flexibly at Senior and Managerial Levels. New Ways to Work, London
  65. NWW(1993). Change at the Top: Working Flexibly at Senior and Managerial Levels. New Ways to Work, London
  66. OECD(2002). Babies and bosses: Reconciling work and family life, OECD
  67. Osterman, P(1995). Work-family program and the employment relationship. Administrative Science Quartely, 40, 681-700 https://doi.org/10.2307/2393758
  68. Rose, K(2000). Work-Life Effectiveness: Programs, Policies and Practices. Fortune special section. http://www.timeinc.net/fortune/services/sections/fortune/corp/2003_09Worklife.html
  69. Saltzstein, A., Ting, Y. & Saltzstein, G.(2001). Work-family balance and job satisfaction : The impact of family-friendly policies on attitudes of federal government employees. Public Administration Review. 61(4), 452-467 https://doi.org/10.1111/0033-3352.00049
  70. Scheibl, F. & Dex, S.(1998). Is There a business case for firms to have family-friendly polocies? Working Paper, Judge Institute, University of Cambridge
  71. Schiersmann, C.(1996). A comparison of the conditions for reconciling professional and family life in Europe- with special consideration of regulations governing parental leave. Transfer 1
  72. Shellenborger, S.(1992). Lessons from the workplace: how corporate polocies and attitudes lag behind worker changing needs. Human Resource Management, 31, 157-169 https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.3930310303
  73. Simkin, C. & Hillage, J.(1992). Family-friendly working : New hope or old hope. Institute for Manpower Studies, Brighton
  74. Spearritt, K. & Edgar, D.(1994). The Family-Friendly Front:A Review of Australian and International Work and Family Research. National Key Centre in Industrial Relations, Monash University, Australia
  75. Stillwell, S.(1996). The factors contributing to women's sense of self confidence on return to the workplace University of Hertfordshire, M.A. dissertation
  76. US Department of Labor, Women's Bureau(2009). Flex-options Guide. www. we-inc.org
  77. White, B., Cox, C. & Cooper, C.(1992). Women's career Development:A Study of High Flyers. Blackwell Publications, Oxford
  78. Wilkinson, H., Radley, S., Christie, I., Lawson, G., & Ssinsbury, J.(1997). Time Out: The Costs and Benefits of Paid Parental Leave, Demos. London
  79. Wise, S. & Bond, S.(2003). Work-life policy : Does it do exactly what it says on the tin?. Women in Management Review, 18(1), 20-31 https://doi.org/10.1108/09649420310462307