Food Science and Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회)
권호 표지

Establishing the Genotoxicological Safety of Gamma-irradiated Egg White and Yolk

감마선 조사 계란의 유전독성학적 안전성 평가

  • Song, Hyun-Pa (Department of Radiation Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) ;
  • Shin, Eun-Hye (Department of Radiation Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) ;
  • Yun, Hye-Jeong (Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Jo, Cheor-Un (Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Dong-Ho (Department of Radiation Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute)
  • 송현파 (한국원자력연구원 정읍방사선과학연구소) ;
  • 신은혜 (한국원자력연구원 정읍방사선과학연구소) ;
  • 윤혜정 (충남대학교 동물자원생명과학과) ;
  • 조철훈 (충남대학교 동물자원생명과학과) ;
  • 김동호 (한국원자력연구원 정읍방사선과학연구소)
  • Published : 2009.10.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The genotoxicological safety of gamma-irradiated egg white and yolk was examined to ensure that required safety parameters were met, and in an effort to further apply gamma-irradiation for improvement of the hygienic qualities of eggs. Egg white and yolk were irradiated at 20 kGy, much higher than the legally approved dose (less than 5 kGy), and possible genotoxicity was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo tests. The SOS chromotest employing Escherichia coli PQ37, and a chromosomal aberration test in cultured Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells, were performed in vitro with or without metabolic activation (S9). An in vivo micronucleus development test was conducted using mouse bone marrow cells. Negative results were obtained in the SOS chromotest. The incidence of chromosomal aberration in CHL cells and the frequency of micronuclear developmentin mouse bone marrow cells treated with irradiated samples were not significantly different from those of non-irradiated controls. Thus, it may be concluded that up to 20 kGy of gamma irradiation applied to egg white and yolk did not show any genotoxic effects under our experimental conditions.

감마선 조사 계란의 유전독성학적 안전성을 평가하기 위하여Escherchia coli PQ37 균주를 이용한 SOS chromotest, Chinese hamster lung cell을 이용한 염색체 이상 시험의 in vivo 시험과in vivo 시험으로 마우스를 이용한 소핵시험을 실시하였다. 대사활성계 적용 및 미적용의 in vitro의 모든 시험에서 음성대조군과 통계학적으로 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 또한in vivo 시험에서도 시험물질을 투여한 모든 투여군에서 음성대조군에 비해 통계학적으로 유의적인 독성을 나타내지 않았다. 따라서 감마선 조사된 난백 및 난황은 본 시험조건하에서 직접변이원이나 간접변이원으로 작용하지 않는 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Kim, J.W., Kim, H.C. and Hur, J.W. (1998) Quality changes of egg products during storage. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 30, 1480-1483
  2. Surai, P.F. and Sparks, N.H.C. (2001) Designer eggs: from improvement of egg composition to functional food. Trends Food Sci. Technol., 12, 7-16 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-2244(01)00048-6
  3. Schoeni, J.L., Glass, K.A., McMernott, J.L. and Wong, A.C.L. (1995) Growth and penetration of Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella heidelberg and Salmonella typhimurium in egg. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 24, 385-396 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1605(94)00042-5
  4. Jones, F.T., Rives, D.V. and Carey, J.B. (1995) Salmonella contamination in commercial eggs and an egg production facility. Poultry Sci., 74, 753-757 https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0740753
  5. Lee, S.H., No, H.K. and Jeong, Y.H. (1996) Effect of chitosan coating on quality of egg during storage (in Korea). J. Korean Soc. Food Nutr., 25, 288-293
  6. Jang, K.I., Park, J.H. and Kim, K.Y. (1999) Studies on Salmonella enteritidis contamination in chiken egg using confocal scanning laser microscopy. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 31, 771-777
  7. Farag, R.S., Daw, Z., Shallan, M.A. and Ebtesam, A.M. (1994) Biochemical and microbial studies on the efficiency of some coating materials for egg preservation. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 45, 263-273 https://doi.org/10.3109/09637489409166167
  8. FAO/IAEA/WHO (1999) High-dose irradiation: Wholesomeness of food irradiated with doses above 10 kGy. In: WHO technical report series 890. World Health Organization, Geneva. p.49-77
  9. Byun, M.W. (1997). Application and aspect of irradiation technology in food industry. Food Sci. Ind., 30, 89-100
  10. Byun, M.W. and Lee, J.W. (2003) Application of irradiation technology for food safety and security. Food Sci. Ind., 36, 25-41
  11. Kim, D.H., Yun, H.J., Song, H.P., Lim, B.L. and Jo, C. (2008) Isolation of egg-contaminating bacteria and evaluation of bacterial radiation sensitivity. Korean J. Food Preserv., 15, 774-781
  12. Song, H.P., Kim, B., Choe, J.H., Jung, S. Kim, K.S., Kim, D.H. and Jo, C. (2009) Improvement of foaming ability of egg white product by irradiation and its application. Radiat. Phys. Chem., 78, 217-221 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2008.10.001
  13. USFDA (2000) Irradiation in the production, processing and handling of food. In: FDA Federal Register, 65(141), p.45280-45282
  14. Bruhn, C. (1995) Consumer attitudes and market response to irradiated food. J. Food Protect.,., 58, 175-179 https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-58.2.175
  15. Kraybill, H.F. and Whitehair, L.A. (1967) Toxicological safety of irradiated foods, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol., 7, 357-380 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pa.07.040167.002041
  16. OECD (1997) OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals. Guideline 474
  17. Quillardet, P. and Hofnung, M. (1985) The SOS Chromotest, a colorimetric bacterial assay for genotoxins procedures. Mutat. Res., 147, 65-78 https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1161(85)90020-2
  18. Ishidate, M. Jr., Sofuni, T. and Yoshikawa, K. (1981) Chromosomal aberration tests in vitro as a primary screening tool for environmental mutagens and/or carcinogens, GANN Monograph on Cancer Res., 27, 95-107
  19. Dean, B.J. and Danford, N. (1984) Assays for the detection of chemically-induced chromosome damage in cultured mammalian cells. In: Mutagenicity testing - a practical approach, Venitt, S. and Parry, J.M.(Editors) IRL Press Limited, Eynsham, England, p.187-232
  20. Schmid, W. (1975) The micronucleus test, Mutat. Res. 31, 9-15 https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1161(75)90058-8
  21. SAS. (2000) SAS User's Guide. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC
  22. Mersch V., Mersch-Sundermann, V., Kevekordes, S. and Mochayedi, S. (1991) Sources of variability of the Escherichia coli PQ37 genotoxicity assay, Mutat. Res., 252, 51-60 https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1161(91)90251-3
  23. Marzin, D.R., Olivier, P. and Vophi, H. (1986) Kinetic determination of enzymatic activity and modification of the metabolic activation system in the SOS Chromotest, Mutat. Res., 164, 356-359