Horticultural Science & Technology (원예과학기술지)

Korean Society of Horticultural Science (한국원예학회)
권호 표지

Effect of High Temperature and Day Length on Flower Abnormality and Delayed Flowering of Spray Chrysanthemum

스프레이국화의 기형화 발생과 개화 지연에 미치는 온도와 일장의 영향

Kim, Yun-Hee;Huh, Eun-Joo;Choi, Seong-Youl;Lee, Young-Ran;Lee, Jong-Suk
김윤희;허은주;최성렬;이영란;이종석

  • Published : 2009.12.31
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The effects of high temperature (HT) and day length on abnormal flower formation and delay in flowering were examined using four spray chrysanthemums ('Lerbin', 'Relance', 'Wembley', and 'Kinhusha'). Examination was focused on the flower development stage, especially from 14 days to 27 days after short day (SD). The delay in flowering caused by HT (35/20${^{\circ}C}$) was the least on 'Wembley', and in ascending order of 'Kinhusha', 'Relance', and 'Lerbin'. Among the four cultivars, abnormal flowers occurred only in 'Lerbin' at HT. Flowering was delayed in all cultivars as day length increased from 13 to 14 hours (h) and abnormal flower formation was induced at over 13 h day length only in 'Lerbin'. The effect of HT was different depending on the exposed placement within a day. The plants exposed to HT just before nighttime showed severe abnormality and flowering delay. Flowering of 'Kinhusha' was slightly delayed at 4 h HT just before night time, without any abnormal flowers. However, 'Relance' and 'Wembley' were not affected by the heat period in a day. These results suggest that although formation of abnormal flowers and delay in flowering were equally induced by HT and the long day condition, physiological mechanisms associated with these disorders are probably different from each other.

스프레이 국화의 기형화와 개화지연에 미치는 고온과 일장의 영향을 살펴보고, 품종별 반응의 차이를 보고자 본 시험을 수행하였다. 스프레이 4품종('Lerbin', 'Relance', 'Wembley', 'Kinhusha')을 사용하여 단일 후 14일부터 27일까지 25/20${^{\circ}C}$(주/야)와 35/20${^{\circ}C}$로 처리한 결과 'Wembley'는 4품종 중 고온에서의 개화 지연 정도가 가장 적은 품종으로 나타났고, 그 다음은 'Kinhusha', 'Relance', 'Lerbin' 순으로 개화지연 정도가 증가하였다. 기형화는 4품종 중 'Lerbin'에서만 고온 처리시 발생하였다. 개화시기는 모든 품종에서 13시간 이상 일장이 길어짐에 따라 개화가 지연되었고, 'Lerbin'에서만 13시간 이상 장일에서 기형화가 발생하였다. 일 중 시간대에서는 밤이 시작되기 전 4시간에 고온에 가장 민감하여 'Lerbin'의 기형화 발생이 가장 많았다. 이 시간대의 고온은 'Kinhusha'와 'Lerbin'의 개화를 다소 지연시켰으나 'Relance'와 'Wembley'의 개화에는 큰 영향을 주지 않았다. 본 실험 결과 비록 기형화 발생과 개화지연은 모두 고온과 장일 조건에서 유도되나 기형화는 특정 품종에서만 발생되어, 두 현상의 발생 기작은 다를 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Anderson, N.O. and P.D. Ascher. 2001. Selection of day-neutral, heat-delay-insensitive Dendranthema x grandiflora genotypes. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 126:710-721
  2. Anderson, N.O. and P.D. Ascher. 2004. Inheritance of seed set, germination, and day neutrality/heat delay insensitivity of garden chrysanthemums (Dendranthema x grandiflora) under glasshouse and field conditions. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 29:509-516
  3. Cathey, H.M. 1954. Chrysanthemum temperature study C. The effect of night, day and mean temperature upon the flowering of Chrysanthemum morifolium. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 64:499-502
  4. Cockshull, K.E. 1979. Effects of irradiance and temperature in flowering of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. in continuous light. Ann. Bot. 44:451-460
  5. Cockshull, K.E. and A.M. Kofranek. 1992. Responses of garden chrysanthemum to day length. HortScience 27:113-115
  6. Cockshull, K.E. and A.M. Kofranek. 1994. High night temperatures delay flowering, produce abnormal flowers and retard stem growth of cut-flower chrysanthemum. Sci. Hort. 56:217-234 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(94)90004-3
  7. Cockshull, K.E., D.W. Hand, and F.A. Langton. 1982. The effects of day and night temperature on flower initiation and development in chrysanthemum. Acta Hort. 125:101-110
  8. Huh, E.J., H.K. Shin, K.J. Kim, and S.Y. Choi. 2004. High temperature-induced flower abnormalities at bud development in chrysanthemum. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 45:345-348
  9. Jensen, H.E.K. 1993. Influence of duration and placement of a high night temperature on morphogenesis of Dendranthema grandiflora. Sci. Hort. 54:327-335 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(93)90111-3
  10. Karlsson, M.G., R.K. Heins, J.E. Erwin, and R.D. Berghage. 1989. Development rate during four phases of chrysanthemum growth as determined by preceding and prevailing temperatures. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 114:234-240
  11. Lawson, R.H. and M.M. Dienelt. 1992. Heat-induced flower abnormalities in Vero and the Marble cultivars of Dendranthema grandiflora. Plant Disease 76:728-734 https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-76-0728
  12. Pearson, S., P. Hadley, and A.E. Wheldon. 1993. A reanalysis of the effects of temperature and irradiance on time to flowering in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora). J. Hort. Sci. 68:89-97
  13. Whealy, C.A., T.A. Nell, and J.E. Barrett. 1987. High temperature effects on growth and floral development of chrysanthemum. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 112:464-468
  14. Willits, D.H. and D.A. Bailey. 2000. The effect of night temperature on chrysanthemum flowering: heat-tolerant versus heat-sensitive cultivars. Sci. Hort. 83:325-330 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(99)00091-6
  15. Yeh, D.M. and H.E. Lin. 2003. Thermostability of cell membranes as a measure of heat tolerance and relationship to flowering delay in chrysanthemum. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 128:656-660