Journal of the Korean Physical Society

Korean Physical Society (한국물리학회)
권호 표지

Variations in the Raman Spectrum as a Function of the Number of Graphene Layers

Yoon, Du-Hee;Moon, Hye-Rim;Cheong, Hyeon-Sik;Choi, Jin-Sik;Choi, Jung-Ae;Park, Bae-Ho

  • Published : 20090900
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We studied variations in the Raman spectrum as a function of the number of graphene layers by using micro-Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The sample preparation was done by micromechanical cleaving of natural graphite on an $\sim$300 nm $SiO_2$ layer. The Raman G band ($\sim$1580 $cm^{-1}$), $G^{\ast}$ band ($\sim$2450 $cm^{-1}$) and 2D band ($\sim$2700 $cm^{-1}$) varied as functions of the number of graphene layers. The Raman 2D band was especially sensitive to the number of graphene layers. These features are related to the electronic band structure of graphene. Moreover, areas of different numbers of graphene layers were clearly identified using spatially-resolved micro-Raman imaging spectroscopy.

Keywords

References

  1. K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, M. I. Katsnelson, I. V. Grigorieva, S. V. Dubonos and A. A. Firsov, Nature 438, 197 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04233
  2. Y. Zhang, Y.-W. Tan, H. L. Stormer and P. Kim, Nature 438, 201 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04235
  3. C. Berger, Z. Song, X. Li, X. Wu, N. Brown, C. Naud, D. Mayou, T. Li, J, Hass, A. N. Marchenkov, E. H. Conrad, P. N. First and W. A. de Heer, Science 312, 1191 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1125925
  4. K. S. Novoselov, D. Jiang, F. Schendin, T. J. Booth, V. V. Khotkevich, S. V. Morzov and A. K. Geim, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 102, 10451 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0502848102
  5. K. I. Bolotin, K. J. Sikes, Z. Jiang, M. Klima, G. Fedenberg, J. Hone, P. Kim and H. L. Stomer, Solid State Comun. 146, 351 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2008.02.024
  6. K. S. Novoselov, E. McCann, S. V. Morozov, V. I. Fal'ko, M. I. Katsnelson, U. Zeitler, D. Jiang, F. Schedin and A. K. Geim, Nat Phys. 2, 117 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1038/35000073
  7. S. Kim, K.-S. Park and K. S. Yi, J. Korean Phys. Soc. 49, S575 (2006) https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.49.575
  8. Y.-W. Son, M. L. Cohen and S. G. Louie, Nature 444, 347 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05180
  9. M. Y. Han, B. Ozyilmaz, Y. Zhang and P. Kim, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 206805 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.206805
  10. X. Li, X. Wang, L. Zhang, S. Lee and H. Dai, Science 319, 1229 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1150878
  11. N. Tombros, C. Jozsa, M. Popinciuc, H. T. Jonkman and B. J. van Wees, Nature 448, 571 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06037
  12. G. M. Rutter. J. N. Crain, N. P. Guisinger, T. Li, P. N. First and J. A. Stroscio, Science 317, 219 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1142882
  13. M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, R. Saito and A. Jorio, Phys. Rep. 409, 47 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2004.10.006
  14. Y.-S. Lim, K.-J Yee, J.-H Kim, E. H. H'aroz, J. Shaver, J. Kono, S. K. Doorn, R. H. Hauge and R. E. Smalley, J. Korean Phys. Soc. 51, 306 (2007) https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.51.306
  15. K. Shin, C. O. Lee, E. Kim and J. Y. Kim, J. Korean Phys. Soc. 51, 1488 (2007) https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.51.1488
  16. A. C. Ferrari, J. C. Meyer, V. Scardaci, C. Casiraghi, M. Lazzeri, F. Mauri, S. Piscanec, D. Jiang, K. S. Novoselov, S. Roth and A. K. Geim, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 187401(2006) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.187401
  17. D. Graf , F. Molitor, K. Ensslin, C. Stampfer, A. Jungen, C. Hierold and L. Wirtz, Nano Lett. 7, 238 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1021/nl061702a
  18. I. Calizo, A. A. Balandin, W. Bao, F. Miao and C. N. Lau Nano Lett. 7, 2645 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1021/nl071033g
  19. A. A. Balandin, S. Ghosh, W. Bao, I. Calizo, D. Teweldebrhan, F. Miao and C. N. Lau, Nano Lett. 8, 902 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1021/nl0731872
  20. I. Calizo, W. Bao, F. Miao, C. N. Lau and A. A. Balandin, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 201904 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2805024
  21. S. Pisana, M. Lazzeri, C. Casiraghi, K. S. Novoselove, A. K. Geim, A. C. Ferrari and F. Mauri, Nat. Mater. 6, 198 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1846
  22. J. Yan, Y. Zhang, P. Kim and A. Pinczuk, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 166802 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.166802
  23. A. Gupta, G. Chen, P. Joshi, S. Tadigadapa and P. C. Eklund, Nano Lett. 6, 2667 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1021/nl061420a
  24. C. Casiraghi, A. Hartchuh, E. Lidorikis, H. Qian, H, Harutyunyan, T. Gokus, K. S. Novoselov and A. C. Ferrari, Nano Lett. 7, 2711 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1021/nl071168m
  25. Z. H. Ni, H. M. Wang, J. Kasim, H. M. Fan, T. Yu, T. H. Wu, Y. P. Feng and Z. X. Shen, Nano Lett. 7, 2758 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1021/nl071254m
  26. P. Blake E. W. Hill, A. H. Castro Neto, K. S. Novoselov, D. Jiang, R. Yang, T. J. Booth and A. K. Geim, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 063124 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2768624
  27. S. Roddaro, P. Pingue, V. Piazza, V. Pellegrini and F. Beltram, Nano Lett. 7, 2707 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1021/nl071158l
  28. M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, R. Saito and A. Jorio, Phys. Rep. 409, 47 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2004.10.006
  29. A. C. Ferrari and J. Robertson, Phys. Rev. B 61, 14095 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.61.14095
  30. P. Tan, C. Hu, J. Gong, W. Shen and B. Zhang, Phys. Rev. B 64, 214301 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.64.214301
  31. Y. Y. Wang, Z. H. Ni, Z. X. Shen, H. M. Wang and Y. H. Wu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 043121 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2838745
  32. D. L. Mafra, G. Samsonidze, L. M. Malard, D. C. Elias, J. C. Brant, F. Plentz, E. S. Alves and M. A. Pimenta, Phys. Rev. B 76, 233407 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.76.233407
  33. T. Shimada, T. Sugai, C. Fantini, M. Souza, L. G. Cancado, A. Jorio, Ma. A. Pimenta, R. Saito, A. Gruneis, G. Dresselhaus, M. S. Dresselhaus, Y. Ohno, T. Mizutani and H. Shinohara, Carbon 43, 1049 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2004.11.044
  34. C. Thomsen and S. Reich, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 5214 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.5214
  35. J. Maultzch, S. Reich and C. Thomsen, Phys. Rev. B 70, 155403 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.70.155403
  36. D. Yoon, H. Moon, Y.-W. Son, G. Samsonidze, B. H. Park, J. B. Kim, Y. Lee and H. Cheong, Nano Lett. 8, 4270 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1021/nl8017498
  37. R. Saito, M. Fujita, G. Dresselhaus and M. S. Dresselhaus, Phys. Rev. Lett. 46, 1804 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.46.1804
  38. R. Saito, G. Dresselhaus and M. S. Dresselhaus, J. Appl. Phys. 73, 494 (1993) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.353358