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Obesity in children and adolescents

소아청소년 비만

  • Seo, Jeong Wan (Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University)
  • 서정완 (이화여대 의학전문대학원 소아과학교실)
  • Received : 2009.11.20
  • Accepted : 2009.11.30
  • Published : 2009.12.15

Abstract

Childhood obesity has rapidly increased in Korea during the past 20-30 years. Approximately 1 of 10 children and adolescents is obese. Appropriate prevention and intervention measures urgently need. Obesity prevention starts early in life, i.e., obesity prevention and education begins during the period of fetal development in utero. Behavioral changes are the most positively reflected during pregnancy. Infants should be fed breast milk, and inculcated with healthy eating and behavioral habits during infancy to ultimately establish a healthy lifestyle in children. For achieving a lifestyle and behavior that successfully allow children to overcome obesity, although individual motivation is important, active support of parents and family members is also imperative. Health care providers should also make an effort to actively prevent obesity and take necessary intervention actions. Although the efforts of individuals, family, and healthy care providers are important to prevent the rapid increase in obesity, primary prevention should be encouraged at a higher level. Schools should specifically aim at improving nutrition and physical activity by allocating times for healthy eating, playing, and physical education. Moreover, local communities should provide support by funding for safe recreational environments, such as playgrounds and walking tracks. Public health strategies in community and national policies, such as city planning, food marketing, and advertisements, are required for primary prevention of obesity.

소아청소년비만의 예방과 치료를 위하여 가정에서는 건강한 생활습관을 부모가 모범을 보여야 하며, 태아기부터 영아기, 걸음마기에 올바른 음식섭취와 생활습관을 확립할 수 있도록 양육하는 것이 중요하다. 다음은 바람직한 생활습관을 요약하였다. 건강한 생활습관 1) 일상생활에서 부지런히 움직인다. 계단으로 올라가기, 학교나 학원을 빠른 걸음으로 걸어가기, 텔레비전 시청 시 제자리 걷기나 스트레칭하기, 심부름하기, 틈만 나면 몸을 부지런히 움직이기, 밥 먹고 바로 눕지 않기, 누워서 텔레비전 보지 않기, 식탁에서만 먹기 등이다. 2) 매일 30-60분 이상 활동한다. 운동은 이상적으로는 매일 60분 이상 하여야 하지만 따로 시간내기가 어려울 때에는 10-15분씩, 2-3번 이상 일과 중에 틈틈이 운동한다. 3) 텔레비전 시청과 컴퓨터 사용시간을 2시간 이하로 한다. 4) 가족이 함께하는 즐거운 운동을 계획한다. 5) 고지방 고탄수화물 음식을 제한한다. 통곡물, 살고기를 선택하며, 달콤한 탄산음료나 과일향 음료보다는 물과 저지방 우유(하루 400 mL)를 권한다. 6) 식사 때가 되어서 먹는 것이 아니라 배고플 때 천천히 먹는다. 7) 식사는 가족과 함께 즐겁게 천천히, 여러 종류의 식품을 골고루 먹는다. 행동 변화에 중점을 둔 개인적인 비만 중재나 가족과 지역사회의 노력만으로는 비만 유병율을 변화시키는 데 제한이 있다. 비만의 유병율을 감소하기 위하여 가장 중요한 것은 비만의 근본적인 예방이다. 국가와 지역사회에서 더 높은 단계에서, 정책적으로 비만의 근본적인 예방을 위하여 노력해야 할 것이다. 지역사회, 병원, 학교를 연계하는 대단위 프로젝트를 운영하는 것도 바람직하다.

Keywords

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