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Risk Factors for Early Development of Macrovascular Complications in Korean Type 2 Diabetes

한국인 제2형 당뇨병환자에서 조기 대혈관 합병증 발생과 관련된 위험 인자

Lee, Hae-Ri;Yu, Jae-Myung;Choi, Moon-Gi;Yoo, Hyung-Joon;Hong, Eun-Gyoung
이해리;유재명;최문기;유형준;홍은경

  • Published : 20090400

Abstract

Background: The average duration of diabetes and predictive factors of macrovascular complications in Korean diabetic patients remain to be elucidated. This study examines the average duration of diabetes up to the onset of macrovascular complications and clinically important factors of early development of these complications in Korean type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: Clinical characteristics in type 2 diabetics with (n = 121) and without macrovascular complications (n = 115) were analyzed. In addition, early onset (${\leq}$ 5 years, n = 54) and late onset groups (> 5 years, n= 67) were compared, as were the clinical characteristics between male and female patients in the macrovascular complications group. Results: The average duration of diabetes was 8.7 ${\pm}$ 7.8 years in the macrovascular complications group. Average age, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and smoking history were all higher in the macrovascular complications group than the control group. However, HbA1c levels and prevalence of microvascular complications were higher in the controls. Average age was lower in the early onset group and many more patients of that group had a smoking history. In the analysis based on sex, marcrovascular complications developed earlier in male patients. In addition, the prevalence of family history of diabetes was higher in males and 77.8% of male patients had a smoking history (female: 3.4%).Conclusion: Our study confirms that older age, high blood pressure and smoking history are major risk factors for the development of macrovascular complications. Moreover, a smoking history in males can be both risk and predictive factors for earlier development of macrovascular complications in Korean type 2 diabetic patients. We also found that several clinical characteristics including age, family history of diabetes, hypertension and smoking history, vary between the sexes, and these findings can provide useful indices for the prevention of macrovascular complications.

배경: 대혈관 합병증은 당뇨병환자의 주요 사망 원인으로 미세혈관 합병증과는 달리 유병기간과 비례하지 않는다. 그러나 한국인에서 당뇨병성 대혈관 합병증 발생까지의 당병의 평균 유병기간이나 합병증 발생과 관련된 예측 인자들에 대한 연구는 아직 많이 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 저자들은 제2형 당뇨병에서 대혈관 합병증 발생까지의 평균 유병기간과 대혈관 합병증 발생에 영향을 미치는 요인들, 특히 조기 합병증 발생에 관여하는 위험요소들을 조사하고자 하였다. 방법: 대혈관 합병증이 처음 발생하여 입원한 121명의 환자와 대혈관 합병증의 과거력이 없는 115명의 제2형 당뇨병 입원환자를 대상으로 하여 임상적 특성을 후향적으로 조사, 분석하였다. 대혈관 합병증 발생까지의 당뇨병 이환기간을 5년을 기준으로 조기발생군(54명)과 후기발생군(67명)으로 나누어 비교 분석하였다. 또한 대혈관 합병증 발생군을 성별에 따라 나누어 추가 분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 대혈관 합병증 발생까지의 평균 당뇨병 유병기간은8.7 $\pm$ 7.8년, 평균 연령은 61세, 남녀 각 63명, 58명이었다.대혈관 합병증 발생군과 대조군과의 비교에서 평균 나이 (61.0 $\pm$ 11.8 vs. 56.0 $\pm$ 14.6세, P = 0.004), 수축기와 이완기 혈압 모두 대혈관 합병증 발생군에서 높았고(133.6 $\pm$20.7/79.8 $\pm$ 12.3 vs. 121.8 $\pm$ 17.7/76.3 $\pm$ 9.6 mm Hg, P < 0.05), 흡연력이 있는 환자의 비율이 높았다(42.1 vs.20.0%, P < 0.001). 그러나 당화혈색소는 대조군에서 대혈관 합병증 발생군에 비해 더 높았고(9.5 $\pm$ 2.4 vs. 8.2 $\pm$ 1.8%, P < 0.001), 미세혈관 합병증 동반율도 유의하게 더 높았다. 대혈관 합병증 조기발생군의 평균 연령이 후기발생군보다 더 적었으며(58.2 $\pm$ 12.8 vs. 63.4 $\pm$ 10.4세, P = 0.015), 흡연력은 더 많았다(53.7 vs. 32.8%, P = 0.021). 대혈관 합병증 발생군에서 성별에 따른 분석 결과, 남성에서 여성보다 합병증 발생 연령이 보다 적었고(57.5 $\pm$ 10.3 vs. 64.9 $\pm$ 12.2세, P < 0.001), 당뇨병의 가족력이 남성에서 더 많았으며 흡연력은 남성에서 77.8%로 여성의 3.4%에 비해 매우 높았다. 결론: 본 연구를 통하여 제2형 당뇨병에서 대혈관 합병증 발생에 고령, 고혈압, 그리고 흡연력이 중요한 위험 인자임을 알 수 있었고 대혈관 합병증 위험도는 미세혈관 합병증 발생 이전부터 높아져 있었다. 특히 흡연력은 한국인 남성 제2형 당뇨병환자에서 대혈관 합병증 조기 발생에 관여하는 중요한 예측 인자로 생각된다. 또한 추가 분석 결과를 미루어볼 때, 같은 당뇨병의 유병기간을 가졌다 하더라도 60세미만의 상대적으로 젊은 나이의 당뇨병환자들이 고령의 환자들보다 대혈관 합병증 조기 발생 위험도가 상대적으로 높은 것으로 여겨지며, 대혈관 합병증 발생과 관련하여 성별에 따라 연령, 당뇨병의 가족력, 고혈압, 흡연력과 같은 몇가지 위험 요소들의 차이점이 발견되었다. 이러한 결과들은 제2형 당뇨병환자에서 대혈관 합병증 발생 예방에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

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