Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of mineral and organic fertilizer application on pepper (Capsicum annuum) yield and soil chemical properties for 14 years from 1994 to 2007. For the experiment, experimental plots were established on a sandy loam soil with six treatments, which consisted of no fertilization (N$_{0}$P$_{0}$K$_{0}$), N+P+K standard fertilization (NPK), N+P+K+compost (NPKC), P+K+compost (PKC), N+P+compost (NPC), and N+K+compost (NKC). During the 14-yr experimental period, organic matter contents in soil increased continuously at the rate of 1.11-1.17 g.kg$_{-1}$.yr$_{-1}$ in the treatments with compost applications and 0.51-0.55 g.kg$_{-1}$.yr$_{-1}$ in treatment with no compost application. The soil available phosphate in N$_{0}$P$_{0}$K$_{0}$ treatment increased at the rate of 3.6 mg.kg$_{-1}$.yr$_{-1}$, which was insignificant compared to those in compost applied treatments such as 16.1 mg.kg$_{-1}$.yr$_{-1}$ in NKC and 45.0 mg.kg$_{-1}$.yr$_{-1}$ in NPKC. As cultivation periods for pepper was extended, exchangeable potassium concentrations in soil tended to decline continuously. But, exchangeable potassium content in soil showed no further decline at the level of 0.22 cmol.kg$_{-1}$ in N$_{0}$P$_{0}$K$_{0}$ and 0.50-0.71 cmol.kg$_{-1}$ in NPK treatment. Fruit yield and the amount of nutrient absorbed by pepper increased in the following order: N$_{0}$P$_{0}$K$_{0}$ < PKC < NKC < NPK $\fallingdotseq$ NPC < NPKC, indicating that hot pepper shows the greatest response to nitrogen. From the results of long-term mineral and organic fertilizer application, it is obvious that nitrogen is the important nutrient for production of pepper fruit. The amount of phosphate fertilization recommended currently for pepper should be reduced to avoid accumulation of phosphate in soil.
고추밭에서 화학비료 및 퇴비의 14년간 연용 및 결제처리 후 토양화학성 및 수량 변화와 양분 흡수량을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 토양화학성 변화 중 유기물함량은 퇴비 처리시 매년 1.11-1.17g.kg$_{-1}$씩 증가하였고 무퇴비구에서도 매년 0.51-0.55g.kg$_{-1}$씩 증가하였다. 유효인산함량은 매년 N$_{0}$P$_{0}$K$_{0}$ 처리에서 3.6mg.kg$_{-1}$, NK+퇴비 처리에서 16.mg.kg$_{-1}$, NPK+퇴비 처리에서 45.mg.kg$_{-1}$씩 증가하였다. 치환성 칼륨함량은 N$_{0}$P$_{0}$K$_{0}$ 처리에서 0.22cmol.kg$_{-1}$까지 감소하였으며 NPK 처리는 0.50-0.71cmol.kg$_{-1}$에서 안정되어 평형을 이루었다. 치환성 마그네슘함량은 NK+퇴비 및 N$_{0}$P$_{0}$K$_{0}$에서 낮았다. 고추의 양분흡수량과 수량은 N$_{0}$P$_{0}$K$_{0}$${\leq}$NPK+퇴비 순으로 많아 질소 비료가 고추의 수량 및 생육에 크게 영향을 미치며 인산은 흡수량이 적어 인산 축적을 방지하기 위하여 인산 시비량을 줄일 필요가 있다.