Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene (한국산업보건학회지)

Korean Industrial Hygiene Association (한국산업보건학회)
권호 표지

Review on Occupational Exposure To Asbestos in Korea

우리나라 석면 취급 산업장 석면 농도에 대한 고찰

  • 박동욱 (한국방송통신대학교 환경보건학과) ;
  • 최상준 (대구가톨릭대학교 산업보건학과) ;
  • 윤충식 (서울대학교 보건대학원)
  • Received : 2009.05.19
  • Accepted : 2009.07.10
  • Published : 2009.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was conducted not only to review airborne asbestos levels reported in workplaces in Korea, but also to analyze their levels according to various characteristics All asbestos concentration reported as either geometric mean (GM) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) or ranges were transformed to arithmetic mean to estimate exposure level. In addition, weighted arithmetic means (WAMs) were calculated to weigh asbestos levels based on the different number of samples. Differences of asbestos levels among several characteristics such as industry type, decade, operation and sampling and analytical methods were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The number of articles studying asbestos levels from workplaces was found to be 9 including two report types. Five of those were reported prior to 1990s and rest of them after 1990s. Only several industries such as asbestos textile, asbestos cement, brake-lining repair shops were studied, while various industries using asbestos or asbestos containing materials (ACMs) were not studied. ANOVA found that asbestos exposure levels (WAM = 5.26f/cc) reported from textile industry were significantly higher than those from other industries (cement = 0.63f/cc, brake-lining = 0.2f/cc - 0.47f/cc) (p < 0.0001). Average exposure levels studied prior to the 1990s (3.13f/cc) were found to be significantly higher than that (0.86f/cc) after the 1990s (p<0.0001). All WAMs reported until the 1994 were found to be higher than the current occupational exposure limits (0.1f/cc). This study recommends that retrospective exposure to asbestos based on various industry types and operations should be assessed.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 한국방송통신대학교

References

  1. 국토해양부. 자동차 관리법, 법률 제6730호, 2003
  2. 노동부. 산업안전보건법시행령 제30조 허가대상 유해물질, 대통령령 제18043호, 2003
  3. 노동부. 석면함유제품의 제조, 수입, 양도, 제공 또는 사용 금지에 관한 고시. 노동부 고시 제2006-25호. 2006
  4. 노동부. 석면함유제품의 제조, 수입, 양도, 제공 또는 사용 금지에 관한 고시. 노동부 고시 제2007-26호. 2007
  5. 노동부 국립노동과학연구소. 사업장 유해환경실태조사, 1984, 연보 23호(84-3호)
  6. 노동부 국립노동과학연구소. 석면취급작업장의 보건실태조사연구, 1987,연보 49호 (87-5호)
  7. 박두용, 백남원. 석면슬레이트 제조 및 석면 방직 사업장 근로자의 석면분진폭로 , 한국환경위생학회지, 1988;14(2):13-27
  8. 박정임, 윤충식, 백남원. 석면방직업 근로자의 석면 노출실태와 과거농도 추정에 관한 연구, 한국산업위생학회지, 1995;5(1):16-39
  9. 백남원, 이영환. 석면 취급 사업장 근로자의 석면 폭로 특성 에관한연구, 한국산업위생학회지, 1991;1(2):144-153
  10. 백남원. 우리나라 석면 산업장 근로자의 석면 폭로 실태에 관한 연구. 보건학 논집, 1989;42:115-121
  11. 신용철, 백남원. 자동차 정비업 종사자의 석면분진 폭로에 관한 조사 연구, 한국환경위생학회지, 1989;15(1):19-32
  12. 안연순. 김현욱. 김창윤. 박재성. 김정숙 등. 석면취급근로자의 흉막비후 조사를 통한 직업병 조기진단 및 향후 석면 직업병 발생율 예측, 한국산업안전보건공단, 보건분야- 연구자료, 연구원 2007-123-1054
  13. 오세민, 신용철, 박두용, 박동욱, 정규철. 일부 석면 취급사업장의 석면 폭로 농도 및 작업환경관리 기준에 관한 연구. 한국산업위생학회지, 1993;3(1):100-109
  14. 윤임중, 박정일, 이원철, 임영, 김경아. 석면취급 작업장의 환경 및 근로자에 대한 역학조사, 한국산업위생학회지, 1993;5(1):137-151
  15. 최정근, 백도명, 백남원. 우리나라 석면생산과 사용 및 근로자 수와 노출농도의 변화, 한국산업위생학회, 1998;8(2):242-253
  16. Ahn YS, Kang SK. Asbestos-related occupational cancers compensated under the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance in Korea. Ind Health. 2009 Apr;47(2):113-22 https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.47.113
  17. Aitchison, J. and J. A. C. Brown (1963). 'The lognormal distribution.' Cambridge University Press: 8
  18. Brown SK. Asbestos exposure during renovation and demolition of asbestos-cement clad buildings. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1987;48(5):478-86 https://doi.org/10.1080/15298668791385075
  19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Malignant mesothelioma mortality--United States, 1999-2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009 Apr 24;58(15):393-6
  20. Fischbein A, Rohl AN, Langer AM, Selikoff IJ. Drywall construction and asbestos exposure. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1979;40(5):402-7 https://doi.org/10.1080/15298667991429750
  21. Hagemeyer O, Otten H, Kraus T. Asbestos consumption, asbestos exposure and asbestos-related occupational diseases in Germany. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2006;79(8):613-20 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-006-0091-x
  22. Health Safety Executive (HSE) ; RR696: Occupational, domestic and environmental mesothelioma risks in Britain, 2009, http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/rr696.htm
  23. Hein MJ, Waters MA, van Wijngaarden E, Deddens JA, Stewart PA. Issues when modeling benzene, toluene, and xylene exposures using a literature database. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2008 Jan;5(1):36-47 https://doi.org/10.1080/15459620701763947
  24. Imberson E., Marchand, JL., Garras, L., Golderg, M.: Quantitative assessment of the risk of lung cancer and pleural mesothelioma among automobile mechanics. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2005 Nov;53(5):491-500 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0398-7620(05)84726-1
  25. Jiang GC, Madl AK, Ingmundson KJ, Murbach DM, Fehling KA, Paustenbach DJ, Finley BL. A study of airborne chrysotile concentrations associated with handling, unpacking, and repacking boxes of automobile clutch discs. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2008 Jun;51(1):87-97 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.02.009
  26. Kauppinen T, Korhonen K. Exposure to asbestos during brake maintenance of automotive vehicles by different methods. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1987;48(5):499-504 https://doi.org/10.1080/15298668791385101
  27. Lemen RA. Asbestos in brakes: exposure and risk of disease. Am J Ind Med. 2004;45(3):229-37 https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10334
  28. Madl AK, Scott LL, Murbach DM, Fehling KA, Finley BL, Paustenbach DJ. Exposure to chrysotile asbestos associated with unpacking and repacking boxes of automobile brake pads and shoes. Ann Occup Hyg. 2008 Aug;52(6):463-79 https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/men028
  29. Murbach DM, Madl AK, Unice KM, Knutsen JS, Chapman PS, Brown JL, Paustenbach DJ. Airborne concentrations of asbestos onboard maritime shipping vessels (1978-1992). Ann Occup Hyg. 2008 Jun;52(4):267-79 https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/men015
  30. Park D, Choi S, Ryu K, Park J, Paik N. Trends in occupational asbestos exposure and asbestos consumption over recent decades in Korea. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2008;14(1):18- 24 https://doi.org/10.1179/oeh.2008.14.1.18
  31. Paustenbach DJ, Richter RO, Finley BL, Sheehan PJ. An evaluation of the historical exposures of mechanics to asbestos in brake dust, : Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 2003 Oct;18(10):786-804 https://doi.org/10.1080/10473220301439
  32. Paustenbach, DJ., Lu, ET., Finley BL., Brorby GP., Sheehan PJ.: Environmental and occupational health hazards associated with the presence of asbestos in brake lining and pads (1900 to present): a state-of-the-art review., 2003, Plaintiff’s exhibit
  33. Perkins RA, Hargesheimer J. Demolition of gypsum wallboard with asbestos-containing material. Practice Periodical of Harz and Radioactive Waste Management, 2002 Oct;6(4);235-243 https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-025X(2002)6:4(235)
  34. Perkins RA, Hargesheimer J, Fourie W. Asbestos release from whole-building demolition of buildings with asbestoscontaining material. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2007;4(12):889-94 https://doi.org/10.1080/15459620701691023
  35. Seixas, N. S., T. G. Robins, et al. The use of geometric and arithmetic mean exposures in occupational epidemiology. Am J Ind Med 1998;14(4):465-77 https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700140410
  36. Williams, P., Williams P, Paustenbach D, Balzer JL, Mangold C. ; Retrospective exposure assessment of airborne asbestos related to skilled craftsmen at a petroleum refinery in Beaumont, Texas(1940-2006). J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2007 Jul;70(13):1076-107 https://doi.org/10.1080/15287390701208305
  37. Williams PR, Phelka AD, Paustenbach DJ. A review of historical exposures to asbestos among skilled craftsmen (1940-2006). J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2007;10(5):319-77 https://doi.org/10.1080/10937400601034191