The Korean Journal of Medicine

The Korean Association of Internal Medicine (대한내과학회)
권호 표지

Clinical impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on other medical diseases

비알코올성 지방간이 다른 내과질환에 미치는 임상적 영향

Yun, Jung-Won;Cho, Yong-Kyun
윤중원;조용균

  • Published : 20090100
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been recognized as a hepatic manifestation of systemic metabolic disease associated with insulin resistance. Recent studies have reported that NAFLD is related with various systemic complications such as cardiovascular, renal, metabolic disease independent of obesity, other component of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Thus, NAFLD should be newly regarded as an early mediator of systemic metabolic disease as well as liver specific disease. The mechanisms of adverse effect of NAFLD on other medical diseases are not fully understood, so further study is needed for understanding and future management strategies of NAFLD.

Keywords

References

  1. Park SH, Jeon WK, Kim SH, Kim HJ, Park DI, Cho YK, Sung IK, Sohn CI, Keum DK, Kim BI. Prevalence and risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among Korean adults. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 21:138-143, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2005.04086.x
  2. Brea A, Mosquera D, Martin E, Arizti A, Cordero JL, Ros E. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with carotid atherosclerosis: a case-control study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25:1045-1050, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000160613.57985.18
  3. Fracanzani AL, Burdick L, Raselli S, Pedotti P, Grigore L, Santorelli G, Valenti L, Maraschi A, Catapano A, Fargion S. Carotid artery intima-media thickness in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Med 121:72-78, 2008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.08.041
  4. Targher G, Bertolini L, Padovani R, Zenari L, Zoppini G, Falezza G. Relation of nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis to early carotid atherosclerosis in healthy men: role of visceral fat accumulation. Diabetes Care 27:2498-2500, 2004 https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.10.2498
  5. Villanova N, Moscatiello S, Ramilli S, Bugianesi E, Magalotti D, Vanni E, Zoli M, Marchesini G. Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk profile in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 42:473-480, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.20781
  6. Davignon J, Ganz P. Role of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Circulation 109:III27-32, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000115644.35804.8B
  7. Schindhelm RK, Diamant M, Dekker JM, Tushuizen ME, Teerlink T, Heine RJ. Alanine aminotransferase as a marker of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in relation to type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 22:437-443, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.666
  8. Targher G, Bertolini L, Padovani R, Poli F, Scala L, Tessari R, Zenari L, Falezza G Increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease in Type 2 diabetic patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Diabet Med 23:403-409, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01817.x
  9. Lin YC, Lo HM, Chen JD. Sonographic fatty liver, overweight and ischemic heart disease. World J Gastroenterol 11:4838-4842, 2005 https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v11.i31.4838
  10. Sung KC, Ryan MC, Wilson AM. The severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in a large cohort of non-obese Asian subjects. Atherosclerosis 2008
  11. Ong JP, Pitts A, Younossi ZM. Increased overall mortality and liver-related mortality in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 49:608-612, 2008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2008.06.018
  12. Matteoni CA, Younossi ZM, Gramlich T, Boparai N, Liu YC, McCullough AJ. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a spectrum of clinical and pathological severity. Gastroenterology 116:1413-1419, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5085(99)70506-8
  13. Ekstedt M, Franzen LE, Mathiesen UL, Thorelius L, Holmqvist M, Bodemar G, Kechagias S. Long-term follow-up of patients with NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes. Hepatology 44:865-873, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.21327
  14. Ioannou GN, Weiss NS, Boyko EJ, Mozaffarian D, Lee SP. Elevated serum alanine aminotransferase activity and calculated risk of coronary heart disease in the United States. Hepatology 43:1145-1151, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.21171
  15. Schindhelm RK, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Bouter LM, Stehouwer CD, Heine RJ, Diamant M. Alanine aminotransferase predicts coronary heart disease events: a 10-year follow-up of the Hoorn Study. Atherosclerosis 191:391-396, 2007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.04.006
  16. Yki-Jarvinen H, Westerbacka J. The fatty liver and insulin resistance. Curr Mol Med 5:287-295, 2005 https://doi.org/10.2174/1566524053766031
  17. Marchesini G, Brizi M, Bianchi G, Tomassetti S, Bugianesi E, Lenzi M, McCullough AJ, Natale S, Forlani G, Melchionda N. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a feature of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes 50:1844-1850, 2001 https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1844
  18. Yesilova Z, Yaman H, Oktenli C, Ozcan A, Uygun A, Cakir E, Sanisoglu SY, Erdil A, Ates Y, Aslan M, Musabak U, Erbil MK, Karaeren N, Dagalp K. Systemic markers of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in patients with nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease. Am J Gastroenterol 100:850- 855, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.41500.x
  19. Targher G, Bertolini L, Scala L, Zoppini G, Zenari L, Falezza G. Non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis and its relation to increased plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in non-diabetic men. Role of visceral adipose tissue. Diabet Med 22:1354-1358, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01646.x
  20. Matsuzawa Y, Funahashi T, Kihara S, Shimomura I. Adiponectin and metabolic syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 24:29-33, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000099786.99623.EF
  21. Pischon T, Girman CJ, Hotamisligil GS, Rifai N, Hu FB, Rimm EB. Plasma adiponectin levels and risk of myocardial infarction in men. Jama 291:1730-1737, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.14.1730
  22. Asselah T, Rubbia-Brandt L, Marcellin P, Negro F. Steatosis in chronic hepatitis C: why does it really matter? Gut 55:123-130, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2005.069757
  23. Conjeevaram HS, Kleiner DE, Everhart JE, Hoofnagle JH, Zacks S, Afdhal NH, Wahed AS. Race, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 45:80-87, 2007 https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.21455
  24. Adinolfi LE, Durante-Mangoni E, Zampino R, Ruggiero G. Review article: hepatitis C virus-associated steatosis--pathogenic mechanisms and clinical implications. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 22 Suppl 2:52-55, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02597.x
  25. Adinolfi LE, Gambardella M, Andreana A, Tripodi MF, Utili R, Ruggiero G. Steatosis accelerates the progression of liver damage of chronic hepatitis C patients and correlates with specific HCV genotype and visceral obesity. Hepatology 33:1358-1364, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1053/jhep.2001.24432
  26. Bugianesi E, Marchesini G, Gentilcore E, Cua IH, Vanni E, Rizzetto M, George J. Fibrosis in genotype 3 chronic hepatitis C and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Role of insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Hepatology 44:1648-1655, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.21429
  27. Gabriel A, Ziolkowski A, Radlowski P, Tomaszek K, Dziambor A. Hepatocyte steatosis in HCV patients promotes fibrosis by enhancing TGF-beta liver expression. Hepatol Res 38:141-146, 2008
  28. Piche T, Vandenbos F, Abakar-Mahamat A, Vanbiervliet G, Barjoan EM, Calle G, Giudicelli J, Ferrua B, Laffont C, Benzaken S, Tran A. The severity of liver fibrosis is associated with high leptin levels in chronic hepatitis C. J Viral Hepat 11:91-96, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2893.2003.00483.x
  29. Fan JG, Chitturi S. Hepatitis B and fatty liver: causal or coincidental? J Gastroenterol Hepatol 23:679-681, 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2008.05361.x
  30. Luo B, Wang Y, Wang K. Association of metabolic syndrome and hepatitis B infection in a Chinese population. Clin Chim Acta 380:238-240, 2007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2007.01.012
  31. Jan CF, Chen CJ, Chiu YH, Chen LS, Wu HM, Huang CC, Yen MF, Chen TH. A population-based study investigating the association between metabolic syndrome and hepatitis B/C infection (Keelung Community-based Integrated Screening study No. 10). Int J Obes (Lond) 30:794-799, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803204
  32. Adams LA, Sanderson S, Lindor KD, Angulo P. The histological course of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a longitudinal study of 103 patients with sequential liver biopsies. J Hepatol 42:132-138, 2005
  33. Sanyal AJ, Banas C, Sargeant C, Luketic VA, Sterling RK, Stravitz RT, Shiffman ML, Heuman D, Coterrell A, Fisher RA, Contos MJ, Mills AS Similarities and differences in outcomes of cirrhosis due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatitis C. Hepatology 43:682-689, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.21103
  34. Marrero JA, Fontana RJ, Su GL, Conjeevaram HS, Emick DM, Lok AS. NAFLD may be a common underlying liver disease in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. Hepatology 36:1349-1354, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840360609
  35. Caldwell SH, Crespo DM, Kang HS, Al-Osaimi AM. Obesity and hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 127:S97-103, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2004.09.021
  36. Yang S, Lin HZ, Hwang J, Chacko VP, Diehl AM. Hepatic hyperplasia in noncirrhotic fatty livers: is obesity-related hepatic steatosis a premalignant condition? Cancer Res 61:5016-5023, 2001
  37. El-Serag HB, Rudolph KL. Hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology and molecular carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 132: 2557-2576, 2007 https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2007.04.061
  38. Wideroff L, Gridley G, Mellemkjaer L, Chow WH, Linet M, Keehn S, Borch-Johnsen K, Olsen JH Cancer incidence in a population-based cohort of patients hospitalized with diabetes mellitus in Denmark. J Natl Cancer Inst 89:1360-1365, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/89.18.1360
  39. N'Kontchou G, Paries J, Htar MT, Ganne-Carrie N, Costentin L, Grando-Lemaire V, Trinchet JC, Beaugrand M Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with alcoholic or viral C cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 4:1062-1068, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2006.05.013
  40. Chen J, Muntner P, Hamm LL, Jones DW, Batuman V, Fonseca V, Whelton PK, He J The metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in U.S. adults. Ann Intern Med 140:167-174, 2004 https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-3-200402030-00007
  41. Kurella M, Lo JC, Chertow GM. Metabolic syndrome and the risk for chronic kidney disease among nondiabetic adults. J Am Soc Nephrol 16:2134-2140, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2005010106
  42. Wolf G, Chen S, Han DC, Ziyadeh FN. Leptin and renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis 39:1-11, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1053/ajkd.2002.29865
  43. Kambham N, Markowitz GS, Valeri AM, Lin J, D'Agati VD. Obesity-related glomerulopathy: an emerging epidemic. Kidney Int 59:1498-1509, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.0590041498.x
  44. Friis-Liby I, Aldenborg F, Jerlstad P, Rundstrom K, Bjornsson E. High prevalence of metabolic complications in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 39: 864-869, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1080/00365520410006431
  45. Fan JG, Li F, Cai XB, Peng YD, Ao QH, Gao Y. Effects of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease on the development of metabolic disorders. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 22:1086-1091, 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04781.x
  46. Shibata M, Kihara Y, Taguchi M, Tashiro M, Otsuki M. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Japanese men. Diabetes Care 30: 2940-2944, 2007 https://doi.org/10.2337/dc07-0792