Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (대한소아청소년정신의학회)
권호 표지

The Effect of Impulsivity and the Ability to Recognize Facial Emotion on the Aggressiveness of Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 아동에서 감정인식능력 및 충동성이 공격성에 미치는 영향

  • Bae, Seung-Min (Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital) ;
  • Shin, Dong-Won (Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Soo-Jung (Psychology, Liberal Arts, Kyonggi University)
  • 배승민 (성균관대학교 의과대학 강북삼성병원 정신과학교실) ;
  • 신동원 (성균관대학교 의과대학 강북삼성병원 정신과학교실) ;
  • 이수정 (경기대학교 교양학부 심리학과)
  • Published : 2009.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives : A higher level of aggression has been reported for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) than for non-ADHD children. Aggression was shown to have a negative effect on the social functioning of children with ADHD. The ability to recognize facial emotion expression has also been related to aggression. In this study, we examined whether impulsivity and dysfunctional recognition of facial emotion expression could explain the aggressiveness of children with ADHD. Methods : 67 children with ADHD participated in this study. We measured the ability to recognize facial emotion expression by using the Emotion Recognition Test (ERT) and we measured aggression by the T score of the aggression subscale of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Impulsivity was measured by the ADHD diagnostic system (ADS). Results : The teacher rated level of aggression was related to the score of recognizing negative affect. After controlling for the effect of impulsivity, this relationship is not significant. Only the score of the visual commission errors ex plained the level of aggression of children with ADHD. Conclusion : Impulsivity seems to have a major role in explaining the aggression of children with ADHD. The clinical implication of this study is that effective intervention for controlling impulsivity may be expected to reduce the aggression of children with ADHD.

Keywords

References

  1. Biederman J, Faraone SV. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Lancet 2005;366:237-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66915-2
  2. Faraone SV, Sergeant J, Gillberg C, Biederman J. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: is it an American condition? World Psychiatry 2003;2:104-113.
  3. Anonymous. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement: diagnosis and treatment of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). J Am Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000;39:182-193. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200002000-00018
  4. Barkley RA. Comorbid Disorders, Social and Family Adjustment, and Subtyping. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: a Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment. New York:The Guilford Press; 2006. p.184-218.
  5. Singh SD, Ellis CR, Winton AS, Singh NN, Leung JP, Oswald DP. Recognition of facial expressions of emotion by children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Behav Modif 1998;22:128-142. https://doi.org/10.1177/01454455980222002
  6. Cadesky EB, Mota VL, Sehachar RJ. Beyond words: how do children with ADHD and/or conduct problems process nonverbal information about affect? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000;39:1160-1167. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200009000-00016
  7. Pele K, Kornreich C, Foisy ML, Dan B. Recognition of emotional facial expressions in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pediatr Neurol 2006;35:93-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2006.01.014
  8. Kats-Gold I, Besser A, Priel B. The role of simple emotion recognition skills among school aged boys at risk of ADHD. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2007;35:363-378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-006-9096-x
  9. Szatmari P, Boyle M, Offord DR. ADHD and conduct disorder: degree of diagnostic overlap and differences among correlates. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1989;28:865-872. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-198911000-00010
  10. Stormont-Spurgin M, Zentall SS. Contributing factors in the manifestation of aggression in preschoolers with hyperactivity. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1995;36:491-509. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01305.x
  11. Erhardt D, Hinshaw SP. Initial sociometric impressions of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and comparison boys: predictions from social behaviors and from nonbehavioral variables. J Consult Clin Psychol 1994;62:833-842. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.62.4.833
  12. Matheson E, Jahoda A. Emotional understanding in aggressive and nonaggressive individuals with mild or moderate mental retardation. Am J Ment Retard 2005;110:57-67. https://doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017(2005)110<57:EUIAAN>2.0.CO;2
  13. Dodge KA, Coie JD. Social-information-processing factors in reactive and proactive aggression in children's peer groups. J Pers Soc Psychol 1987;53:1146-1158. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.53.6.1146
  14. Walz NC, Benson BA. Labeling and discrimination of facial expressions by aggressive and nonaggressive men with mental retardation. Am J Ment Retard 1996;101:282-291.
  15. Hoaken PN, Allaby DB, Earle J. Executive cognitive functioning and the recognition of facial expressions of emotion in incarcerated violent offenders, non-violent offenders, and controls. Aggress Behav 2007;33:412-421. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20194
  16. Kim YS, Cheon KA, Kim BN, Chang SA, Yoo HJ, Kim JW, et al. The reliability and validity of Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version-Korean version (K-SADS-PL-K). Yonsei Med J 2004;45:81-89.
  17. Achenbach TM, Edelbrock CS. Manual for the child Behavior checklist and Revised Child Behavior Profile. Burlington: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry;1983.
  18. Oh KJ, Lee H, Hong KE, Ha EH. K-CBCL Child and Adolescent Behavior Checklist Manual. Seoul: ChungAng Aptitude Pressing;1997.
  19. Lee SJ, Miller HA, Moon J. Exploring the forensic use of the emotional recognition test (ERT). Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2004;48:664-682. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X04266278
  20. Lee SJ. Development of an emotional awareness test consisting of problem solving tasks. Kor J Soc Pers Psychol 2001;15:65-96.
  21. Lee SJ, Ko SY, Lee CK. The Dysfunction of Emotional Recognition among the High Risk Juvenile Offenders. Kor J Soc Pers Psychol 2004;18:1-13.
  22. Kohler CG, Turner TH, Gur RE, Gur RC. Recognition of facial emotions in neuropsychiatric disorders. CNS Spectr 2004;9:267-274.
  23. Shin DW, Lee SJ, Kim BJ, Park Y, Lim SW. Visual attention deficits contribute to impaired facial emotion recognition in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropediatrics. In Press;2009.
  24. Shin MS, Chun S, Hong K. A study of the development and standardization of ADHD Diagnostic system. J Kor Acad child Adolosc Psychiatry 2000;11:91-99.
  25. Sinzig J, Dopfner M, Lehmkuhl G, Uebel H, Schmeck K, Poustka F, et al. Long-acting methylphenidate has an effect on aggressive behavior in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2007;17:421-432. https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2007.0011
  26. Murphy DA, Pelham WE, Lang AR. Aggression in boys with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: methylphenidate effects on naturalistically observed aggression, response to provocation, and social information processing. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1992;20:451-466. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00916809
  27. Thomas LA, De Bellis MD, Graham R, LaBar KS. Development of emotional facial recognition in late childhood and adolescence. Dev Sci 2007;10:547-558. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00614.x
  28. Gouze KR. Attention and social problem solving as correlates of aggression in preschool males. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1987;15:181-197. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00916348
  29. Pope AW, Bierman KL, Munnna GH. Relations between hyperactive and aggressive behavior and peer relations at three elementary grade levels. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1989;17:253-267. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00917397
  30. Crick NR, Dodge KA. Social information-processing mechanisms in reactive and proactive aggression. Child Dev 1996;67:993-1002. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131875