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The Suitable Region and Site for 'Fuji' Apple Under the Projected Climate in South Korea

미래 시나리오 기후조건하에서의 사과 '후지' 품종 재배적지 탐색

  • Kim, Soo-Ock (Department of Ecosystem Engineering, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Chung, U-Ran (Department of Ecosystem Engineering, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kim, Seung-Heui (National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Choi, In-Myung (National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Yun, Jin-I. (Department of Ecosystem Engineering, Kyung Hee University)
  • 김수옥 (경희대학교 생태시스템공학과) ;
  • 정유란 (경희대학교 생태시스템공학과) ;
  • 김승희 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 과수과) ;
  • 최인명 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 과수과) ;
  • 윤진일 (경희대학교 생태시스템공학과)
  • Published : 2009.12.30

Abstract

Information on the expected geographical shift of suitable zones for growing crops under future climate is a starting point of adaptation planning in agriculture and is attracting much concern from policy makers as well as researchers. Few practical schemes have been developed, however, because of the difficulty in implementing the site-selection concept at an analytical level. In this study, we suggest site-selection criteria for quality Fuji apple production and integrate geospatial data and information available in public domains (e.g., digital elevation model, digital soil maps, digital climate maps, and predictive models for agroclimate and fruit quality) to implement this concept on a GIS platform. Primary criterion for selecting sites suitable for Fuji apple production includes land cover, topography, and soil texture. When the primary criterion is satisfied, climatic conditions such as the length of frost free season, freezing risk during the overwintering period, and the late frost risk in spring are tested as the secondary criterion. Finally, the third criterion checks for fruit quality such as color and shape. Land attributes related to these factors in each criterion were implemented in ArcGIS environment as relevant raster layers for spatial analysis, and retrieval procedures were automated by writing programs compatible with ArcGIS. This scheme was applied to the A1B projected climates for South Korea in the future normal years (2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100) as well as the current climate condition observed in 1971-2000 for selecting the sites suitable for quality Fuji apple production in each period. Results showed that this scheme can figure out the geographical shift of suitable zones at landscape scales as well as the latitudinal shift of northern limit for cultivation at national or regional scales.

기후변화에 따른 작물 재배적지의 이동에 관한 정보는 농업분야 적응전략의 기초이기 때문에 연구자들뿐 아니라 정책결정자들도 큰 관심을 보인다. 하지만 재배적지의 개념을 분석차원에서 구체적으로 구현하는 일이 어렵기 때문에 아직 실용적인 적지판정법이 개발된 적이 없다. 본 연구에서는 미래 시나리오 기후조건에서 사과 '후지'의 재배적지를 조사하기 위해 GIS 기반의 탐색기법을 이용하여 전자기후도, 토양전자지도, 수치지형정보, 농업기후 및 작물품질 예측모형 등을 종합적으로 활용, 체계적인 적지판정기법을 구현하였다. '후지'를 대상으로 한 적지판정 1차기준은 지표피복, 경사도, 토성이며, 2차 기준은 월동기간 중 동해위험도, 늦서리 피해위험도, 생육가능기간 등 기후조건, 3차기준은 과피의 색택, 과형지수 등 품질조건이다. 이들 조건을 지리정보시스템의 속성 레이어로 구현하고 중첩분석을 통해 재배적지를 검색하였다. 이 방법을 현재평년(1971-2000년)과 A1B 시나리오의 미래평년(2011-2040년, 2041-2070년, 2071-2100년) 기후에 적용하여 남한 전역을 대상으로 재배적지를 검색한 결과 현재평년의 경우 전국의 6.5%가 후지 재배적지에 해당하였고 2011-2040년 평년기후에는 전국의 약 1.8%, 2041-2070년 평년에는 0.3%, 2071-2100년 평년에는 전국의 0.1%까지 감소하여 전국규모에서 재배적지의 한계선 북상추세를 감지할 수 있었다. 뿐만 아니라 개별 주산지 내에서도 적지이동 양상을 정밀하게 추적할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

Keywords

References

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