DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Study on the Antioxidant and Anticancer Effects of Extract of Stamens of Nelumbo nucifera and Kaempferol

연수 추출물과 Kaempferol의 항산화 및 항암작용에 관한 연구

  • Han, Du-Seok (Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Jeon, Sung-Woo (Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Kim, Hyun-Jin (Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University)
  • Published : 2009.03.30

Abstract

Objectives : The present study was performed to clarify the antioxidant and anticancer effects of extract of stamens of Nelumbo nucifera and Kaempferol. Methods : Antioxidant effect was measured by DPPH-radical scavenging activity for electron donating ability (EDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity for SOD and lipid peroxidation. Anticancer effect was assessed by MTT absorbance for cytotoxicity. Results : Vitamin E, Kaempferol and ethyl acetate extract of stamens of Nelumbo nucifera increased SOD-like activity and DPPH-radical scavenging activity dose-dependently. On the contrary, lipid peroxidation was time-dependently decreased. Furthermore, Kaempferol and ethyl acetate extract of stamens of Nelumbo nucifera significantly decreased the growth rate of C6 glioma cells. Conclusions : These results suggest that ethyl acetate extract of stamens of Nelumbo nucifera may be a putative antioxidant or anticancer substance.

Keywords

References

  1. Acharya K, Samui K, Rai M, Dutta BB, Acharya R. Antioxidant and nitric oxide synthase activation properties of Auricularia auricula. Indian J Exp Biol. 2004 ; 42(5) : 538-40.
  2. Cardoso SM, Rego AC, Penacho N, Oliveira CR. Apoptotic cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide in NT2 parental and mitochondrial DNA depleted cells. Neurochem Int. 2004 ; 45(5) : 693-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2004.03.003
  3. Ozdil S, Yanardag R, Koyuturk M, Bolkent S, Arbak S. Protective Effects of Ascorbic Acid, di-a-Tocopherol Acetate, and Sodium Selenate on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury of Rats. Bio Trace Elem Res. 2004 ; 99(1-3) : 173-90. https://doi.org/10.1385/BTER:99:1-3:173
  4. Cross CE, Halliwell B, Borish ET, Pryor WA, Ames BN, Saul RL, McCord JM, Harman D. Oxygen radicals and human disease. Ann Intern Med. 1987 ; 107 : 526-45. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-4-526
  5. Adelman R, Saul LR, Ames NB. Oxidative damage to DNA: relation to species metabolic rate and life span. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998 ; 85 : 2706-08. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.85.8.2706
  6. Chung HY, Yokozawa T. Study on Antioxidative and Antimutagenic Mechanism of Epicatechin 3-O-gallate Isolated from Green Tea. Korean Society of Food Science and Technology. 1995 ; 3 : 65-81.
  7. Harman D. Aging; A theory based on free radical and radical chemistry. J Gerontology. 1956 ; 11 : 298. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/11.3.298
  8. Barry H, Okezie IA, Ellis H. DNA and free radical. West Sussex, England : Ellis Horwood. 1993 ; 1.
  9. Jung HA, Kim JE, Chung HY, Choi JS. Antioxidant principles of Nelumbo nucifera stamens. Arch Pharm Res. 2003 ; 26(4) : 279-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976956
  10. Gates MA, Tworoger SS, Hecht JL, De Vivo I, Rosner B, Hankinson SE. A prospective study of dietary flavonoid intake and incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer. 2007 ; 121(10) : 2225-32. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.22790
  11. Prakash D, Suri S, Upadhyay G, Singh BN. Total phenol, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of some medicinal plants. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2007 ; 58(1) : 18-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637480601093269
  12. Jung HA, Jung MJ, Kim JY, Chung HY, Choi JS. Inhibitory activity of flavonoids from Prunus davidiana and other flavonoids on total ROS and hydroxyl radical generation. Arch Pharm Res. 2003 ; 26(10) : 809-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980025
  13. Marzouk MS, Soliman FM, Shehata IA, Rabee M, Fawzy GA. Flavonoids and biological activities of Jussiaea repens. Nat Prod Res. 2007 ; 21(5) : 436-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410600943288
  14. Kajiya K, Ichiba M, Kuwabara M, Kumazawa S, Nakayama T. Role of lipophilicity and hydrogen peroxide formation in the cytotoxicity of flavonols. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2001 ; 65(5) : 1227-9. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.65.1227
  15. Nakayama T, Yamada M, Osawa T, Kawakishi S. Pression of active oxygen-induced cytotoxicity by flavonoids. Biochem Pharmacol. 1993 ; 45(1) : 265-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(93)90402-I
  16. Silva MM, Santos MR, Caroço G, Rocha R, Justino G, Mira L. Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids: a reexamination. Free Radic Res. 2002 ; 36(11) : 1219-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/198-1071576021000016472
  17. Kaneko T, Baba N. Protective effect of flavonoids on endothelial cells against linoleic acid hydroperoxide-induced toxicity. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1999 ; 63(2) : 323-8. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.63.323
  18. Montana MP, Pappano N, Giordano SO, Molina P, Debattista NB, Garcia NA. On the antioxidant properties of three synthetic flavonols. Pharmazie. 2007 ; 62(1) : 72-6.
  19. Wang L, Tu YC, Lian TW, Hung JT, Yen JH, Wu MJ. Distinctive antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects of flavonols. J Agric Food Chem. 2006 ; 54(26) : 9798-804. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0620719
  20. Li YL, Gan GP, Zhang HZ, Wu HZ, Li CL, Huang YP, Liu YW, Liu JW. A flavonoid glycoside isolated from Smilax china L. rhizome in vitro anticancer effects on human cancer cell lines. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 ; 113(1) : 115-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.05.016
  21. Blois MS. Antioxidant determination by the use a stable free radical. Nature. 1958 ; 26 : 1199-263.
  22. Marklund S, Marklund G. Involvement of superoxide anion radical in the oxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem. 1974 ; 47 : 468-74.
  23. Kikuzaki H, Nakatani N. Antioxidant effects of some ginger construents. J Food Sci. 1993 ; 58 : 1407-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb06194.x
  24. Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods. 1983 ; 65(1-2) : 55-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4
  25. Dziezak JD. Antioxidants. Food Technol. 1986 ; 40 : 94-102.
  26. Branen AL. Toxicological and biochemistry of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 1975 ; 52 : 59-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02901825
  27. Hah DS, Kim CH, Kim GS, Kim EG, Kim JS. Antioxidant effects of traditional medicinal plants on lipid peroxidation. Korean J Ver Res. 2005 ; 45(3) : 341-50.
  28. Mason B, Ghanee N, Haigh WG, Lee SP, Oda D. Effect of vitamins A, C and E on normal and HPV-immortalized human oral epithelial cells in culture. Anticancer Res. 1999 ; 19(6B) : 5469-74.
  29. Behari JR, Gupta S, Srivastava S, Srivastava RC. Modulation of liposomal lipid peroxidation in presence of nickel by incorporation of alpha-tocopherol in the bilayer. J Microencapsul. 1991 ; 8(2) : 215-20. https://doi.org/10.3109/02652049109071489
  30. Royack GA, Nguyen MP, Tong DC, Poot M, Oda D. Response of human oral epithelial cells to oxidative damage and the effect of vitamin E. Oral Oncol. 2000 ; 36(1) : 37-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1368-8375(99)00047-0
  31. Gultekin F, Delibas N, Yasar S, Kilinc I. In vivo changes in antioxidant systems and protective role of melatonin and a combination of vitamin C and vitamin E on oxidative damage in erythrocytes induced by chlorpyrifosethyl in rats. Arch Toxicol. 2001 ; 75(2) : 88-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002040100219
  32. Kanakis CD, Tarantilis PA, Polissiou MG, Diamantoglou S, Tajmir-Riahi HA. An overview of DNA and RNA bindings to antioxidant flavonoids. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2007 ; 49(1) : 29-36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-007-0037-2
  33. 한두석, 백경현, 김영옥, 최규은, 곽정숙, 백승화, 한국산 생약으로부터 항암물질의 개발(제6보). 금은화 Ethyl Acetate 가용성 분획의 인체 구강유상피암종세포에 미치는 세포독성작용. 생약학회지. 1998 ; 29(1) : 22-7.
  34. Kim EY, Baik IH, Kim JH, Kim SR, Rhyu MR. Screening of the antioxidant activity of some medicinal plants. Korean J Food Sci Technol. 2004 ; 36(2) : 333-8.
  35. Boernfreund E, Babichi H, Matin-Alcuacil N. Comparisons of two in vitro cytotoxicity assay. The neutral red(NR) and tetrazolium MTT tests. Toxicol In Vitro. 1998 ; 2 : 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/0887-2333(88)90030-6
  36. 한두석, 오상걸, 오은상. 페놀산의 구조가 암세포에 대한 세포독성에 미치는 영향. 독성학회지. 2003 ; 19(1) : 44-50.