Neuroprotective Effect of Semen Persicae in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Rats

도인(桃仁)의 중대뇌동맥 폐색 유발 흰쥐에서 신경보호 효과

  • Song, Mi-Young (Dept. of Rehabilitaion Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University) ;
  • Kim, Ho-Jun (Dept. of Rehabilitaion Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University) ;
  • Lee, Myeong-Jong (Dept. of Rehabilitaion Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University)
  • 송미영 (동국대학교 한의과대학 재활의학과학교실) ;
  • 김호준 (동국대학교 한의과대학 재활의학과학교실) ;
  • 이명종 (동국대학교 한의과대학 재활의학과학교실)
  • Published : 2009.03.31

Abstract

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the effects of Semen Persicae (SP) on infarct volume, COX-2 protein expression in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) rats. Methods: Twenty-eight rats were randomly assigned to four groups (MCAo experimental group, MCAo control group, sham experimental group, control group). The middle cerebral artery (MCA) was occluded in the MCAo group by proximal focal cerebral ischemia rat model, while the MCA was not occluded in the sham group. SP extraction was administrated for 4 days to each experimental group. Neuroprotective effects were investigated by measurement of brain damage using 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and analysis of COX-2 protein expression by western blotting. Results: The occurrence of infarct volume in the SP oral administration group decreased compared to the control group. COX-2 protein expression in the SP oral administration group decreased compared to the control group. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates the effect of SP in reducing infarct volume and decreasing COX-2 expression.

Keywords

References

  1. Lo EH, Dalkara T, Moskowitz MA. Mechanisms, challenges and opportunities in stroke. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2003;4(5):399-415.
  2. Available from: URL:http://www.kcvs.org/brain 119/brain02.html.
  3. Janardhan V, Qureshi AI. Mechanisms of ischemic brain injury. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2004;6(2):117-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-004-0009-8
  4. Govoni S, Masoero E, Favalli L, Rozza A, Scelsi R, Viappiani S, Buccellati C, Sala A, Folco G. The Cycloxygenase-2 inhibitor SC58236 is neuroprotective in an in vivo model of focal ischemia in the rat. Neurosci Lett. 2001;303(2):91-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(01)01675-5
  5. Salzberg-Brenhouse HC, Chen EY, Emerich DF, Baldwin S, Hogeland K, Ranelli S, Lafreniere D, Perdomo B, Novak L, Kladis T, Fu K, Basile AS, Kordower JH, Bartus RT. Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2, but not cyclooxygenase-1 provide structural and functional protection against quinolinic acid-induced neurodegeneration. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003;306(1):218-28. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.103.049700
  6. 神農氏. 而中農木中經. 臺北:文光圖書布限公司. 1982:261-2.
  7. 李時珍.本草綱目.臺北:文光固古有眼公司. 1979:662-3.
  8. 許俊.東醫寶鑑. 서울:南山堂. 1994:712-8.
  9. 강병수. 임상배합본초학. 서울:영림사. 1994:382-4.
  10. 신민교. 원색임상본초학. 서울:영림출판사. 1998:464-5.
  11. Wang N, Liu Q, Peng D, Wang L, Wang S. Experimental study on anti-thrombus effect of different extracts from Semen Persicae Zhong Yao Cai. 2002;25(6):414-5.
  12. 장경전, 안창범, 송춘호, 송민주, 혈전증 유발 백서에 태충 중봉의 도인약침이 미치는 영향. 대한침구학회지. 1999;16(3):335-47.
  13. Fukuda T, Ito H, Mukainaka T, Tokuda H, Nishino H, Yoshida T. Anti-tumor promoting effect of glycosides from Prunus persica seeds. Biol Pharm Bull. 2003;26(2):271-3. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.26.271
  14. Zhang YB, Qin F, Sun HX. Immunosuppressive activity of Semen Persicae ethanol extract on specific antibody and cellular response to ovalbumin in mice. Chem Biodivers. 2006;3(9):967-74. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.200690105
  15. Xu LM, Liu P, Liu C, Hong JH, Lu G, Xue HM, Zhu JL, Hu YY. Observation on the action of extractum semen Persicae on anti-fibrosis of liver. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1994;19(8):491-4.
  16. Yang HY, Chang HK, Lee JW, Kim YS, Kim H, Lee MH, Shin MS, Ham DH, Park HK, Lee H, Kim CJ. Amygdalin suppresses lipopolysaccharide- induced expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in mouse BV2 microglial cells. Neurol Res. 2007;29(1) :59-64. https://doi.org/10.1179/016164107X172248
  17. Li TJ, Qiu Y, Mao JQ, Yang PY, Rui YC, Chen WS. Protective effects of Guizhi-Fuling-Capsules on rat brain ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Pharmacol Sci. 2007;105(1):34-40. https://doi.org/10.1254/jphs.FP0070450
  18. Longa EZ, Weinstein PR, Carlson S, Cummins R. Reversiblemiddle cerebral artery occlusion without craniectomy in rats. Stroke. 1989;20(1):84-91. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.20.1.84
  19. 이정필, 김호성, 김영주, 신영오, 이장규, 오재근. 수영이 MCAo 유발 후 뇌허혈 및 하지의 근 위축에 미치는 영향. 한국체육학회지 43(4):439-48.
  20. Jin, K. L., Mao, X. O., and Greenberg, D. A. Vascular endothelial growth factor: direct neuroprotective effect in vitro ischemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2000;97(18):10242-7. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.18.10242
  21. Zhang, Z. G., Zhang, L., Tsang, W., Soltanian- Zadeh, H., Morris, D., Zhang, R., Goussev, A,, Powers, C., Yeich, and T., Chopp, M. Correlation of VEGF and angiopoietin expression with disruption of blood-brain barrier and angiogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 2002;22(4):379-92.
  22. 전국한의과대학 본초학교수. 본초학. 서울:영림사. 1998:423
  23. Lipton P. Ischemic cell death in brain neurons. Physiol Rev. 1999;79(4):1431-568.
  24. 김영옥, 하니나, 부영민, 박선영, 박주영, 유영범, 신준식, 안덕균, 김호철. 참당귀의 흰쥐 4-Vessel Occlusion 전뇌허혈에 대한 신경방어효과. 대한본초학회지. 2002;17(2):151-7.
  25. 백일성, 박치상, 박창국. 천궁의 허혈성 뇌손상 억제작용 및 신경세포 보호효과. 대한본초학회지. 2003:38(4):37-45.
  26. 김진모, 차동석, 전소라, 전훈, 임종필, 최훈, 이기진, 강민석, 나호정, 김미연, 임강현, 김호철, 호장근의 일시적 국소뇌허혈 흰쥐 모델에 대한 신경보호효과. 대한본초학회지. 2008년:32(2):226-33.
  27. 부영민, 백선경, 김진화, 강동호, 노승주, 김호철, 홍경천의 흰쥐 일시적 국소뇌허혈에 대한신경방어효과. 대한본초학회지. 2004;19(2):191-7.
  28. Lee DH, Ha N, Bu YM, Choi HI, Park YG, Kim YB, Kim MY, Kim H. Neuroprotective effect of Buddleja officinalis extract on transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006;29(8):1608-12. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.29.1608
  29. Chen CM, Liu SH, Lin-Shiau SY. Honokiol, a neuroprotectant against mouse cerebral ischaemia, mediated by preserving Na+, K+-ATPase activity and mitochondrial functions. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007;101(2):108-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00082.x
  30. Oh JK, Hyun SY, Oh HR, Jung JW, Park C, Lee SY, Park JH, Kim SY, Kim KH, Kim YK Ryu JH. Effects of Anemarrhena asphodeloides on focal ischemic brain injury induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2007;30(1):38-43. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.30.38
  31. Yu SJ, Kim JR, Lee CK, Han JE, Lee JH, Kim HS, Hong JH, Kang SG. Gastrodia elata blume and an active component, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol reduce focal ischemic brain injury through antioxidant related gene expressions. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005;28(6):1016-20. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.28.1016
  32. Zea L, Weinstein P, Carlson S, Summins. Reversible middle cerebral artery occulsion without craniectomy in rats. Stroke. 1989; 20:84-91. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.20.1.84
  33. Myron D, Ginsberg M, Raul B. Rodent model of cerebral ischemia. Stroke. 1989;20(12):1627-42. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.20.12.1627
  34. Dirnagl U. Inflammation in stroke: the good, the bad, and the unknown. Ernst Schering Res Found Workshop. 2004;47:87-99.
  35. Martín A, Rojas S, Chamorro A, Falcon C, Bargalló N, Planas AM. Why does acute hyperglycemia worsen the outcome of transient focal cerebral ischemia? Role of corticosteroids, inflammation, and protein O-glycosylation. Stroke. 2006;37(5) :1288-95. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000217389.55009.f8
  36. Iadecola C, Forster C, Nogawa S, Clark HB, Ross ME. Cyclooxygenase-2 immunoreactivity in the human brain following cerebral ischemia. Acta Neuropathol. 1999;98(1):9-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004010051045
  37. Nogawa S, Zhang F, Ross ME, Iadecola C. Cyclo-oxygenase-2 gene expression in neurons contributes to ischemic brain damage. J Neurosci. 1997;17(8):2746-55.
  38. Kawaguchi K, Hickey RW, Rose ME, Zhu L, Chen J, Graham SH. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is induced in rat brain after kainate-induced seizures and promotes neuronal death in CA3 hippocampus. Brain Res. 2005;1050(1-2):130-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2005.05.038
  39. Candelario-Jalil E, González-Falcón A, García- Cabrera M, León OS, Fiebich BL. Post-ischaemic treatment with the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor nimesulide reduces blood-brain barrier disruption and leukocyte infiltration following transient focal cerebral ischaemia in rats. J Neurochem. 2007;100(4):1108-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04280.x
  40. Smith WL, DeWitt DL, Garavito RM. Cyclooxygenases: structural, cellular, and molecular biology. Annu Rev Biochem. 2000;69:145-82. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biochem.69.1.145
  41. Koistinaho J, Chan PH. Spreading depressioninduced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in the cortex. Neurochem Res. 2000;25:645-51. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007559003261
  42. Planas AM, Soriano MA, Rodríguez-Farre E, Ferrer I. Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA and protein following transient focal ischemia in the rat brain. Neurosci Lett. 1995:200(3):187-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(95)12108-G
  43. Silasi G, Kolb B. Chronic inhibition of cyclooxygenase- 2 induces dendritic hypertrophy and limited functional improvement following motor cortex stroke. Neuroscience. 2007;144(4):1160-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.10.030