Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Nutritional Knowledge and Dietary Behavior of the 6th Grade Elementary School Students in Daejeon Area by Gender and Skipping Breakfast

대전지역 초등학교 6학년생의 성별과 아침 결식에 따른 영양지식 및 식행동

  • You, Jeong-Soon (Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Inha University) ;
  • Kim, Sun-Mi (Department of Home Ecomonics Education, Graduate School of Education, Inha University) ;
  • Chang, Kyung-Ja (Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Inha University)
  • 유정순 (인하대학교 생활과학대학 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김선미 (인하대학교 교육대학원 가정교육) ;
  • 장경자 (인하대학교 생활과학대학 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2009.04.30
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Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate nutritional knowledge related to breakfast and dietary behavior of elementary school students by gender and skipping breakfast. The subjects of this study were the 6th grade elementary school students (Total 237; 119 males and 118 females) in Daejeon. The group who ate breakfast six to seven times per week was 58.6%; The group who ate breakfast zero to five times per week was 41.4%. Most of subjects' families (84.4%) were 'nuclear family' and 63.8% of mothers held jobs. There was a significant difference between family income and skipping breakfast. As for the type of breakfast, 79.0% of the male students and 81.4% of female students answered 'cooked rice' and the reasons for skipping breakfast were 'no appetite' followed by 'not enough time', 'over sleeping'. In the eating breakfast group, frequency of having breakfast with family was higher compared to the skipping breakfast group. Total scores of nutritional knowledge related to breakfast in the female students were significantly higher than those of the male students. Also significant differences were found on such questions as 'the relation between eating breakfast and body weight control' and 'importance of breakfast' by skipping breakfast. The dietary behavior scores of the group who ate breakfast were higher than those of the group who skipped breakfast. Therefore, a need exists to develop and distribute a simple breakfast menu that contains Korean-style food and can be more appetizing and appealing to Korean elementary school students. Also it is necessary to develop a systemic awareness program that emphasize the importance of breakfast and the harmfulness of skipping breakfast.

초등학생의 아침식사 실태를 살펴보고 아침결식 여부에 따른 아침식사 관련 영양지식과 식행동, 수면 및 운동시간, 스트레스, 학업성적, 교우, 체형인식의 차이를 알아보고자 2007년 12월에 대전지역 초등학교 6학년생 237명 (남자 119명, 여자 118명)의 설문조사를 통해 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 아침식사를 일주일에 6${\sim}$7회하는 아침식사군은 58.6%, 0${\sim}$5 회 하는 아침결식군은 41.4%로 조사되어 다른 연구들 보다 높은 결식 실태를 보여주었다. 가족형태는 핵가족이 84.4%로 가장 많았고, 출생 순위는 첫째와 둘째라고 대답한 경우가 46% 정도로 비슷한 비율을 보였다. 직업을 가지고 있는 어머니의 비율이 63.8% 이었고 가족의 월수입은 200${\sim}$400 만원에 해당하는 경우가 51.1%로 가장 많았는데 아침결식에 따른 차이가 있었다. 조사대상 아동의 79.8%가 밥을 포함한 한식의 형태로 아침식사를 하고 있었고 아침식사군에서 한식 형태로 식사하는 비율이 높았다. 아침결식을 하는 이유로 '입맛이 없어서'와 '시간이 없어서'의 대답이 가장 많았으며 아침식사군에서 가족 모두 아침을 먹는 비율이 아침결식군보다 유의적으로 높았다. 아침식사 관련 영양지식의 점수는 여학생의 영양지식 총점이 유의적으로 높았고, 남학생에서 아침식사군의 영양지식 총점이 아침결식군보다 높았다. 남학생의 경우 아침식사와 체중조절과의 관계 1문항, 아침식사의 중요성과 역할에 관한 3문항의 점수가 아침결식군보다 아침식사군에서 유의적으로 높았으며 아침결식의 위해성과 아침식사 내용에서 한식의 영양적 우수성에 대한 항목은 점수가 0.5정도로 낮았다. 식행동 점수는 여학생이 남학생보다 유의적으로 높은 점수를 보였고 아침식사군이 아침결식군보다더 높은 식행동 점수를 보여 일반적인 식행동도 아침식사군이 바람직한 것으로 나타났다. 남학생의 경우 아침결식군에서 6시간 이하로 수면을 취하는 아동의 비율은 아침식사군보다 높았다. 여학생의 경우 아침결식군에서 스트레스를 많이 받는 비율이 높았고, 학업이 낮다고 대답한 비율이 높았으며, 친구가 많다고 대답한 비율이 아침식사군보다 낮았다. 그러므로, 학동기 아동의 아침결식은 육체적 문제뿐 아니라 정신적인 문제에도 영향을 미치므로 아침결식을 줄이기 위한 다각적인 노력이 필요하다. 일찍 자고 일찍 일어나는 올바른 생활습관을 통하여 아침식사 시간을 확보해야 하며, 가족모두 아침을 먹을 수 있는 환경을 마련하고, 아침에 입맛이 없는 어린이의 식욕을 돋우어 줄 수 있는, 한식 형태의 영양적이고 간편한 아침식단의 개발과 보급이 시급할 것으로 보인다. 또한 영양교육 시 가족이 함께 하는 식사의 중요성을 강조하고 아침결식을 하는 아동들은 다른 식행동도 바람직하지 못한 경향이므로 아침식사의 중요성과 아침결식의 위해성을 강조하는 체계적이고 효과적인 프로그램의 개발이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

Keywords

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