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Evaluation of Dietary Intake of Korean School-aged Children from Low-income Families by Comparing with the Korean Food Guide: Analysis of the Data from the 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey

식사구성안을 이용한 저소득층 학령기 어린이의 식생활 평가: 2001년 국민건강.영양조사 자료 분석

  • Shim, Jae-Eun (Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University) ;
  • Yoon, Ji-Hyun (Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, Ki-Won (Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kwon, Soo-Youn (Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University)
  • 심재은 (서울대학교 생활과학연구소) ;
  • 윤지현 (서울대학교 생활과학연구소) ;
  • 이기원 (서울대학교 생활과학대학 식품영양학과) ;
  • 권수연 (서울대학교 생활과학대학 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2009.12.31

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the dietary quality of school-aged children from low-income families in comparison with those from higher income families. The socio-demographic and anthropometric data and one day 24-hour recall dietary intake data of 1,782 school-aged children were used for analysis from the data of 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey. The children whose family had monthly household income 120% or lower than the 2001 Minimum Cost of Living were classified into Low Income Group (LIG), and the others were classified into Higher Income Group (HIG). The consumption levels of the food groups of the Korean Food Guide as well as the general nutritional status based on their weight and height, energy and nutrient intake were compared between LIG and HIG in elementary (n = 989), middle (n = 432), and high (n = 361) school-aged children, respectively. LIG tended to have lower weight, height, and BMI than HIG, but the difference was significant only in the weight and the BMI of the middle school-aged children. The energy intake of LIG didn't differ from that of HIG, but LIG consumed a higher percentage of energy from carbohydrate and a lower percentage of energy from fat than HIG. Some micronutrient intake was lower in LIG than HIG in case of the elementary and the middle school-aged children. The average numbers of servings of milk dairy products and fruits consumed by LIG were significantly lower than those consumed by HIG in the elementary and the middle school-aged children, and they were less than the respective recommended serving. The average number of servings of meat fish egg beans consumed by LIG was lower than that consumed by HIG in the middle and the high school-aged children, and it was also less than the recommended serving. The results suggested that the diet of children from low-income families should be intervened by strategies different from the other children in order to improve the consumption level of milk dairy products, fruits, and meat fish egg beans.

본 연구는 2001년 국민건강 영양조사 자료를 이용하여 초 중 고 학령 어린이를 가구 소득 수준에 따라 저소득가정 어린이와 일반가정 어린이로 분류한 후 신체계측자료 및 영양소와 주요 식품군의 섭취수준을 학령군별로 비교 평가하였다. 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 저소득가정 어린이들과 일반가정 어린이들의 학령군별 연령수준과 성별분포는 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 2) 저소득가정 어린이들의 신장, 체중, BMI는 일반가정 어린이들보다 전반적으로 낮은 경향이었으나, 이러한 차이는 중학생 학령군의 체중과 BMI에서만 통계적으로 유의하였다. 체중평가 결과의 분포를 비교한 결과, 저체중 또는 과체중의 비율이 두 소득계층간에 유의하게 다르지 않았다. 3) 에너지 섭취수준에는 소득계층에 따른 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 저소득가정 어린이의 경우 일반가정 어린이 보다 탄수화물에서 섭취하는 에너지 비율이 높고 지방에서 섭취하는 에너지 비율은 낮았다. 4) 일부 미량영양소의 경우, 저소득가정의 초등학생과 중학생 학령군의 평균 섭취수준이 일반가정 어린이들보다 낮았으며, 초등학생 학령군에서 이러한 차이를 보이는 영양소의 수가 더 많았다. 5) 식사구성안을 기준으로 여섯 가지 식품군에 대한 섭취수준을 평가하였을 때, 초등학생 또는 중학생 학령의 저소득가정 어린이들의 경우 우유 유제품과 과일의 평균 섭취수준이 일반가정 어린이들보다 낮았고, 또한 권장 수준보다도 낮은 수준이었다. 중학생과 고등학생 학령의 저소득가정 어린이의 경우, 고기 생선 계란 콩류의 평균 섭취수준이 일반가정 어린이보다 낮았고 이 또한 권장 수준보다 낮았다. 결론적으로 식품섭취 수준에서 본 우리나라 저소득가정 어린이의 식생활 문제는 일반가정 어린이와 공통적 요소를 가지고 있었으나, 그 심각성은 상대적으로 큰 것으로 나타났다. 즉 우유 유제품 및 과일의 섭취 부족은 소득 계층에 관계없이 학령기 어린이의 공통된 식생활 문제로 분석되었으나 이러한 문제가 저소득계층에서 더욱 심화된 양상이었다. 또한 일부 학령군의 저소득가정 어린이는 일반가정 어린이에게서는 발견되지 않는 특수한 식생활 문제로서 고기 생선 계란 콩류의 섭취 부족이 나타났다. 따라서 학령기 저소득층 어린이의 식생활 문제의 해결을 위해서는 일반 어린이와는 다른 접근방식의 보다 적극적인 지원 정책이 필요하며, 기존의 관련 정책 및 사업 또한 이러한 특수성을 고려한 개선이 시급하다. 저소득층 어린이들의 학령군에 따른 상이한 식생활문제 또한 이러한 정책 내용에 반영되어야 할 것이다.

Keywords

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