Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Psychosocial Factors Related with the Intake of Vegetables and Fruits by Stage of Change of Elementary School Children in Chungnam Province

행동변화 단계에 따른 충남지역 초등학생의 채소와 과일 섭취 관련 사회 심리적 요인

  • Suh, Yoon-Suk (Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Choi, Ae-Sook (Department of Education, College of Education, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Chung, Young-Jin (Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Chungnam National University)
  • 서윤석 (충남대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 최애숙 (충남대학교 교육학과) ;
  • 정영진 (충남대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2009.10.31
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Abstract

This study aims at investigating the psychosocial factors that influence on the intake of fruits and vegetables according to stage of change in rural children. Total 256 elementary school children, located in Yeongi-Gun, Chungnam-Do were surveyed from May 14 2007 to May 30 2007. Stage of change on the intake of fruits and vegetables of the students was categorized into three stages: precontemplation (PC), contemplation & preparation (CO&PR) and action (AC). Psychosocial factors consist of decisional balance based on pros and cons, process of change of cognitive and behavioral processes, and self-efficacy. The recognition of cons out of decisional balance showed the highest score in the subjects at the stage of PC and lowest score in those action stage. While, no difference was shown in the score of recognition of pros among the stages. Both levels of cognitive and behavioral process of change showed no difference between two pre-action stages, PC and CO&PR. However, the subjects of action stages got higher scores in more number of the variables in both of cognitive and behavioral process of change compared to those of pre-action stages with more remarkable in results vegetables than in fruits. The results of self-efficacy on fruits and vegetables intake showed that the higher stages of change, the higher the self-efficacy score. From the result, it is suggested that the items and level of psychosocial factors are different according to the stage of change and between fruits and vegetables in rural children.

본 연구는 충남지역 초등학생을 대상으로 채소와 과일 섭취의 사회 심리적 요인을 행동 변화 단계별로 비교해 보고자 2007년 5월 14일부터 5월 30일까지 충남 연기군 1개초등학교 4, 5, 6학년 남자 122명, 여자 134명, 총 256명을 대상으로 설문지법에 의해 조사 하였다. 조사대상 아동은 행동 변화 단계를 고려전, 고려 및 준비, 행동의 3단계로 분류하였다. 1) 고려전 단계에 81명 (31.6%), 고려 및 준비 단계에 90명 (35.2%), 행동 단계에 85명 (33.2%)이 속하였다. 2) 행동 변화 단계별 고려전 단계 분포에서는 4학년 34.4%, 5학년 42.3%, 6학년 20.7%로 5학년이 가장 높았다 (p < 0.05). 건강상태의 자가평가에서는 전체대상자에서 '좋다‘가 60.7%로 높은 비율을 차지 하였으며, 고려 및 준비 단계에 있는 아동이 35.9%로 다른 단계보다 높은 경향을 보였다. '영양제를 항상 섭취한다‘고 답한 대상자가 고려전 단계에 있는 아동의 45.8%로 다른 두 군보다 높았다. 3) BMI 85백분위수 미만에 속한 정상체중의 아동은 남아가 여아에 비해 고려전 단계에 속한 비율이 높고, 고려 및 준비 단계 이상에 속한 비율이 낮았다 (p < 0.01). 4) 채소와 과일 섭취에 대한 판단균형에서 장점에 대한 인지도 점수는 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, 단점에 대한 인지도 점수는 고려전 단계에서 높았고, 행동 단계에서 점수가 낮았다 (채소 p < 0.05, 과일 p < 0.01). 5) 채소섭취의 행동 변화 단계에 따른 인지적 변화과정 중 의식향상 (p < 0.001), 걱정해소 (p < 0.01), 자기재진단(p < 0.05), 환경재평가 (p < 0.01) 등 4개의 변수에서, 행위적 변화과정 중 자극조절 (p < 0.01), 자기결심 (p < 0.01) 등 2개의 변수에서 고려전 단계에 있는 대상자들 보다 행동 단계에 속한 대상자에서 높았다. 과일섭취의 행동 변화 단계에 따른 인지적 변화과정 중 의식향상 (p < 0.05)변수에서, 행위적 변화과정 중 자기결심 (p < 0.01)에서 고려전단계와 고려 및 준비 단계보다 행동 단계에서 높았다. 6) 채소섭취의 행동 변화 단계에 따른 자아효능감은 많은 항목의 자아효능감에서 행동 변화 단계 간에 차이를 보였으며, 행동 단계에서 높은 값을 나타내었다 (p < 0.001). 과일 섭취의 자아효능감은‘집에서 먹을 때는 더 많은 과일을 먹을 수 있다‘의 1개 항목에서만 행동 단계에서 높게 나타났다 (p < 0.05). 이상의 연구 결과 충남지역 초등학생에서 채소와 과일 섭취와 관련된 사회심리적 요인의 종류와 수준이 행동변화 단계에 따라 다르며, 채소와 과일 간에도 사회심리적 요인의 종류와 수준이 다름을 나타내었다.

Keywords

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